To the respiratory physiologist or anatomist the diaphragm muscle is of course the prime mover of tidal air. However, gastrointestinal physiologists are becoming increasingly aware of the value of this muscle in helping to stop gastric contents from refluxing into the oesophagus. The diaphragm should be viewed as two distinct muscles, crural and costal, which act in synchrony throughout respira...

Introduction: Congenital defects of the nasal cartilaginous skeleton are rare, yet clinically relevant, entities that are important to recognize prior to operative repair Methods: A 47 year old woman was referred to our institution for lifelong leftsided nasal airway obstruction. On physical examination, a complete absence of the left lower lateral cartilage was suspected. Hypothesis: Complete ...

IMPORTANCE External nasal valve dysfunction (ENVD) is a common cause of nasal obstruction. Although many techniques are described to help correct ENVD, evidence of the objective changes in the airway achieved by these interventions is mainly unknown. OBJECTIVE To document the airway changes in patients with ENVD by comparing subjective and objective measures obtained before and after rhinopla...

This article describes an anterolateral reconstruction procedure that, when used in combination with an intra-articular anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, restores rotary and anterior knee stability. We believe that failing to recognize lateral instabilities and to perform an extra-articular reconstruction is an under-recognized cause of failure of ACL reconstruction. We also desc...

Abstract The posterior alveolar bone region of the maxilla has, in more than 40% cases, a height inferior to 4 mm, thus making rehabilitation with implants clinical challenge. This focus literature review was carried out through an exhaustive search PubMed, ScienceDirect, LILACS, Web Science, Scielo and Cochrane Library. aim illustrate analyse various factors that should be accounted for while ...

Accessible online at: http://BioMedNet.com/karger Dear Sir, I read with interest the beautifully written ‘How I Do It’ article by Dr. Richard Prinz entitled ‘Technique of Lateral Pancreaticojejunostomy’ in the June 1997 issue. While I agree with most all of his technical points, I notice in figure 3 that the Roux limb is brought through the right transverse mesocolon and oriented with the blind...

T he tripod concept has proved to be a valuable model in understanding nasal tip dynamics. Peter A. Adamson, MD, FRCSC, and colleagues propose the M-Arch Model, which expands the nasal tripod concept by considering the nasal tip tripod in its entirety as an arch. This novel model stresses the importance of the overall length of the medial, intermediate, and lateral crural segments as they form ...

With the introduction of laparoscopy, the outcomes of patients undergoing paraesophageal hernia repair have improved dramatically. When the fundamentals of a proper repair are followed, patients can expect to have improvement in gastroesophageal reflux symptoms, including heartburn, regurgitation, chest pain, dysphagia, and dyspnea. Adhering to these principles will alleviate patients' symptoms...