the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of melatonin as an antioxidant on spatial navigation memory in male diabetic rats. thirty-two male white wistar rats weighing 200 ± 20 g were divided into four groups, randomly: control, melatonin, diabetic and melatonin-treated diabetic. experimental diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg kg-1 streptozotocin. melatonin...

Introduction:The hippocampus is one for the major centers of learning and memory. Role of the opioid system has been investigated and on the other hand receptors related to this system such as mu-opioid receptors (MOR) are extended in the hippocampus. In this study the effect of Naloxone administration as a mu opioid receptor antagonist on passive avoidance memory in adult male rats was i...

background: memory impairment is a well-known effect of many benzodiazepine compounds which is mediated through their action on gamma-aminobutyric acid type a (gabaa) receptors. on the other hand, cannabinoids can affect learning and memory process through presynaptic modulation of the release of both excitatory glutamate and inhibitory gaba transmitters in brain regions involved in learning an...

introduction: this study aims to compare the cognitive performance of patients with multiple sclerosis (ms) in the field of autobiographical, prospective and working memory compared to normal people. method: in a causal-comparative study using convenience sampling 200 patients with ms (100 were affected less and 100 were affected more than 2 years (and 100 healthy individuals were matched regar...

objectives: this study examined the relationship between working and short-term memory performance, and their effects on cochlear implant outcomes (speech perception and speech production) in cochlear implanted children aged 7-13 years. the study also compared the memory performance of cochlear implanted children with their normal hearing peers. methods: thirty-one cochlear implanted children w...

there is strong evidence that two cerebral hemispheres are differentially involved in emotional memory and that amygdala is a key subcortical structure for emotional experience. the present research investigated the possible involvement of lateralization of basolateral amygdala (bla) and central amygdala (cea) in place avoidance memory. for this purpose, male long-evans rats (280-320 g) were im...

abstract background and objective: alzheimer’s disease (ad) is a weakening neurodegenerative disorder typified by increased b-amyloid (ab) deposition and neuronal dysfunction causing to impaired learning and memory. among proposed risk factors, induced oxidative stress is a main cause for incidence of the disease. the aim of this study was to determine the effects of the rosmarinic acid on lear...

Autobiographical memory, that is, our memory for personal life experiences, is integral to our sense of self. However, the experience of trauma can create distortions in how our memories are bought to mind. In particular, trauma can produce an overgeneral memory style, which relates to the development of both PTSD and depression. However, theory states that immediately following a traumatic eve...

  Numerous studies conducted in laboratory animals and humans indicate that angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors reinforce memory and learning. In this paper we study the effect of injection of enalapril into the cerebral ventricles on spatial memory of white mice in the double- y maze, following the induction of an Alzheimer- like amnestic model with scopolamine. To estimate the duration o...