INTRODUCTION We report the results of the first direct comparison of the once-daily fixed-dose long-acting muscarinic antagonist/long-acting β2-agonist (LAMA/LABA) combinations umeclidinium/vilanterol (UMEC/VI) and tiotropium/olodaterol (TIO/OLO) in patients with COPD. METHODS This was a randomized, two-period crossover open-label study in symptomatic patients with COPD [age 40 years or older...

The most recent guidelines define COPD in a multidimensional way, nevertheless the diagnosis is still linked to the limitation of airflow, usually measured by the reduction in the FEV1/FVC ratio below 70%. However, the severity of obstruction is not directly correlated to symptoms or to invalidity determined by COPD. Thus, besides respiratory function, COPD should be evaluated based on symptoms...

This report describes a unique case of presumed migration of Parelaphastrongylus tenuis through the spinal cord into the eye of a llama where it survived and matured within the ocular environment. Blindness of the eye was most likely attributable to migration of the parasite through the central nervous tissue.

combination of ICS/LABA, even a LAMA alone has a comparable efficacy without any increase of pneumonia risk 3. The combination of ICS/LABA has raised the issue of pneumonia since the clinical trial of TORCH 1. For the patients with COPD, the component of ICS among ICS/LABA increases the risk of pneumonia although most of the studies have pointed out fluticasone propionate, a potent ICS, as the ...

BACKGROUND As emphasized by international recommendations and largely confirmed by clinical experience, long-acting bronchodilators play a central role in the maintenance treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) due to their proven efficacy in reducing airflow obstruction and improving symptoms. MAIN BODY There are some important aspects to define with regard to inhalation th...

Latar belakang: Benzena sudah digunakan sejak lama dalam industri dan penggunaannya cenderung meningkat sehingga memerlukan pengendalian. Walaupun benzena industri dikendalikan < 1 ppm, namun efeknya masih terlihat, antara lain berupa patahan kromosom limfosit. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi patahan kromosom limfosit sebagai efek pajanan benzena kurang 1 ppm di lingkungan kerja, dan fakt...

Mohammad M. N. Hamarsheh, Mohamad Khazani Abdullah, Sabira Khatun, Hossam M. H. Shalaby Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Multimedia University, Jalan Ayer Keroh Lama, 75450 Melaka, Malaysia. Email: [email protected] Photonics Laboratory, Department of Computer and Communication Systems Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. Department of El...