1. introduction considering the importance of lake urmia in the weather of northwest of iran, the present study, using dynamic modelling and simulation, investigates the consequences of the drying up of lake urmia on the climate parameter of downfall. 2. study area lake urima, considered the biggest pond in western asia, with a surface area of 5 thousand and 822 square kilometers, is the second...

the present research focuses on the changes of urmia lake level. for this purpose, two timescales have been considered. the trend changes of temperature, precipitation rate and quantitative values of climate type for the observational period from 1968 to 2011 (past scale) and from 2011 to 2100 (future scale) have been analyzed. general circulation model (gcm) is considered for simulating the va...

one of the most important hydrological time series task is to determine if there is any trend in the data and how to achieve stationarity when there is nonstationarity behavior in data. detecting trend and stationarity in hydrological time series may help us to understand the possible links between hydrological processes and global climate changes. in this study yearly, monthly and daily stream...

The capacity of lake sediments to retain phosphorus can provide an important buffer to eutrophication. Concentrations of total phosphorus (TP) in the surface sediment of a shallow calcareous lake (Lough Carra, Ireland) varied significantly across three basins and were correlated strongly with iron and manganese, but correlated inversely with calcium carbonate. The concentrations of phosphorus i...

Lake Urmia, Iran. There is widespread interest in restoring drying saline lakes. At Iran’s hypersaline managers have sought a uniform target lake level of 1274.1 m above sea to lower salinity below 263 g L?1 and recover Artemia sufficient densities support flamingos. We suggest that addressing broader range objectives will allow more flexibility for managing the lake. define eight restoration s...

increased salinity stress because of rising temperature as a result of global warming. High salinity enhances plants photorespiration and affects its physiology, but Salicornia europaea L. in Urmia Lake has adapted to grow, propagate and occupy increasingly exposed saline habitats. Plant and soil samples were collected in triplicate plots from different sites of retreated beds of Urmia Lake in ...