Antibiotics are used at therapeutic levels to treat disease; at slightly lower levels as prophylactics; and at low, subtherapeutic levels for growth promotion and improvement of feed efficiency. Over 88% of swine producers in the United States gave antimicrobials to grower/finisher pigs in feed as a growth promoter in 2000. It is estimated that ca. 75% of antibiotics are not absorbed by animals...

Hirst, A., Alpine, J. & Crawford, C. 2006 (30.xi): Benthic macroinvertebrate communities of high conservation value Thirsty and Little Thirsty Lagoons, Cape Barren Island, Tasmania. Papers and Proceedings 0/ the Royal Society o/Tasmania 140: 17-23. ISSN 00804703. Marine Research Laboratories, Tasmanian Aquaculture and Fisheries Institute, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 49, Hobart, Tasmania...

Background Anaerobic (absence of air or oxygen) bacteria play an important role in breaking down the hog waste (urine, feces, wasted feed, etc.) into simpler organic and inorganic compounds in the pits and lagoons. However, this also results in the production of many organic gases, also called volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as well as inorganic gases (e.g., ammonia, hydrogen sulfide). Many o...

Swine (Sus scrofa domestica) production in the Mid-South USA comprises sow, nursery, and finisher farms. A 2007 packing plant closure started a regional shift from finisher to sow and nursery farms. Changes in manure stored in lagoons and land-applied as fertilizer were expected but were unknown because nutrient and bacterial levels had not been characterized by farm type. The objectives of thi...

Natural-abundance delta15N showed that nitrate generated from commercial land application of swine (Sus scrofa domesticus) waste within a North Carolina Coastal Plain catchment was being discharged to surface waters by ground water passing beneath the sprayfields and adjacent riparian buffers. This was significant because intensive swine farms in North Carolina are considered non-discharge oper...

The prevalence of malaria among the residents of the Lake Victoria basin remains high. The environment associated with the lake may maintain a high number of malaria vectors. Lake habitats including water hyacinths have been suspected to be the source of vectors. This study investigated whether malaria vectors breed in the lake habitats and adjacent backwater pools. Anopheline larvae were colle...

The present work has realized an integrated analysis of the pressures that affect state ecosystems and their services, as well management mechanisms car- ried out in two socio-ecological systems coastal lagoons located dissimilar geographical areas: socio-ecolog- ical system Mar Menor, Spain, Chiquita, Buenos Aires, Argentina. To do this, each lagoon been considered a through realization DPSIWR...

We studied the distributional patterns of the chaetognath community along a large reef system of the western Caribbean during 3 seasons using a multiscale hierarchical sampling design. Hydrographical and biological parameters were measured at 3 different reef lagoons (100 km scale) and in a field of 10 km at each lagoon. Biological data were analyzed using a nested multivariate analysis of vari...

Nitrogen (N) availability affects plant biomass yield and, hence, phytoextraction of contaminants during phytoremediation of end-of-life municipal lagoons. End-of-life lagoons are characterized by fluctuating moisture conditions, but the effects on biosolid N dynamics have not been adequately characterized. This 130-d laboratory incubation investigated effects of three moisture levels (30, 60, ...

Ammonia (NH(3)) emissions from animal systems have become a primary concern for all of livestock production. The purpose of this research was to establish the relationship of nitrogen (N) emissions to specific components of swine production systems and to determine accurate NH(3) emission factors appropriate for the regional climate, geography, and production systems. Micrometeorological instru...