OBJECTIVES To analyze the effects of exposure to cigarette smoke during gestation and lactation on the milk production of rats and on the weight gain and linear growth of their offspring. METHODS Three groups of female rats were studied during gestation and lactation: 15 rats were exposed to cigarette smoke and air flow, 18 rats were handled, i.e., exposed to compressed air flow, and 18 rats ...

The effects of melatonin administration and pinealectomy on the milk ejection response were studied in the rat. The amounts of milk obtained by a litter during 1 hr suckling and during an additional 30 min suckling after 1 I.U. of oxytocin injection, following 7 or 8 hr separation from the mother on the 10th or 16th day of lactation, were considered as the naturally ejected milk and the residua...

During lactation, sows need to eat a sufficient amount of feed to meet the requirements of milk production to nurture their litter and to sustain their body condition. Overall, information about feed intake of lactating sows is limited. In addition, information about other factors influencing feed intake of the sow may be incomplete. These factors include feeding strategy, lactation length, lit...

Information on partial lactations often is included in genetic evaluations by predicting the cow's eventual 305-d yield. Such projected yields have less phenotypic and genetic variation than completed yields but were modeled as having greater or equal variation in evaluations. Analysis of first lactations from 48,424 daughters of 844 Holstein sires indicated that yields predicted early (46 to 7...

We examined the effect of calving month (CM) on the production of milk and milk protein by Israeli Holstein dairy cows located in the main climatic zone of Israel during their third and fourth lactations, and found it to be significant. Cows that calved in December produced the highest milk and milk protein yields, and those that calved in June produced the lowest, 92.8% of the maximum. The com...

The authors report a case-control study of breast cancer based on an analysis of data collected by interview between the years 1957-1965 from women residing in the communities of Buffalo and Kenmore, New York. Prior reproductive factors, including a detailed lactation history, were examined for 453 white females with breast cancer and 1,365 white females without breast cancer who were selected ...

the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of milking frequency (three times daily vs. two times daily) on the lactation curve shape, partial and 305-d lactation performance in holstein dairy cows in iran. data from february 2000 to december 2012 comprising 217345 lactations on 141364 cows distributed in 324 herds collected by the animal breeding center of iran were used. the mean milk...

The objectives were to estimate (co)variance components and genetic parameters for lactation curve traits in Holstein dairy cows in Iran. The used data were records on Holstein cows collected during January 2003 to December 2012 by the Animal Breeding Center of Iran (Karaj, Iran). In order to describe the lactation curve, an incomplete gamma function was fitted to 691200 test-day records on 962...

Murrah is a predominant milch breed of buffalo in India with superior genetic potential for milk production. Estimation parameters production and reproduction traits prerequisite making breeding plan efficient management decisions. This work was undertaken to understand the influence on performance by various factors (genetic non-genetic) along assessment buffaloes. The were figured using mixed...