نتایج جستجو برای: labour costs
تعداد نتایج: 207903 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
An important step in farm planning is the development of a gross margin budget. A gross margin is calculated from a crop's gross income less the variable costs incurred in growing and marketing that crop. The gross margin indicates the potential financial gain or loss of the crop being produced. Gross margins are usually expressed in units related to resources such as land, labour or irrigation...
burden is now well established both in terms of disability-adjusted life-years and as a fraction of national budgets. A large part of this burden consists of indirect costs such as those associated with reduced rates of labour force participation, unemployment among those in the labour force and underemployment among those who are employed. Mental disorders also have costs for employers, includ...
The critical housing shortage in cities of the developing countries like Cameroon generates an ever-growing desire to increase housing supply. The main group of actors in this domain are by and large the formal sector, while the informal sector is still inactive. Because of the legalities and costs associated with the formalities surrounding the provision of formal housing, the majority of urba...
Little information exists on the cost structure of routine infant immunization services in low- and middle-income settings. Using a unique dataset of routine infant immunization costs from six countries, we estimated how costs were distributed across budget categories and programmatic activities, and investigated how the cost structure of immunization sites varied by country and site characteri...
The above quote testifies to the complexity of preterm labour, a process that ultimately results in considerable neonatal morbidity and mortality. It is diYcult to quantify the incidence of spontaneous preterm labour, as many studies relating to preterm birth do not discriminate between spontaneous preterm labour and iatrogenic/therapeutic preterm delivery. The picture is further complicated as...
T_e high proportion of feed costs in total operating expenses (1,2,6) indicates that the utilization of feed by the birds is closely related to the profitability of >oultry operations. The relationship between feed conversion (expressed as a ratio between weight units of feed consumed per weight unit of product) and profitability (defined as an increment .of total income over total costs) is es...
Family Structure and Female Labour Supply in Mexico City This paper investigates labour supply of married women in Mexico City. A static neoclassical structural mode is used. We assume that each woman chooses her labour supply and corresponding income so that her utility is maximized, conditional upon her husband ’s labour supply and earnings. We use a direct translog specification, and include...
Industrial robots are increasingly used to perform tasks traditionally assigned humans. Using a sample of Chinese manufacturers, we examine the impact robot adoption on firm cost stickiness. We find that is associated with less sticky costs. The negative stickiness particularly meaningful for state-owned enterprises and firms higher labour costs, becomes significantly stronger after enactment C...
This paper implements a fair wage constraint in the fashion of Akerlof and Yellen (1990) into an analytically tractable core-periphery agglomeration model. This enables us to study the role of imperfect labour markets for the pattern of agglomeration. We illustrate that, in the short run, a marginal increase in fair wage preferences leads to an unambiguous compression of the national factor pri...
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