in the present health care environment, cost-benefit analysis is extremely important. in this screening program, the minimal cost of screening dipstick urinalysis in 1601 asymptomatic school children was determined. the process of screening was similar to all the studies. the minimal cost utilizing 3 general physicians was calculated. costs were determined by using current charge for supplies o...

Case Description: A ten-year-old neutered female terrier dog was referred to the Tehran-Azma Veterinary Diagnostic Center for history of too late recovery too late after ovariohysterectomy. Clinical Finding: Blood chemical laboratory tests revealed high serum BUN, maximum concentration of creatinine and decreased of serum albumin. Sonographically, there was an anechoic cyst-like structurein th...