BACKGROUND/AIMS The combination of daclatasvir (DCV) and asunaprevir (ASV) has demonstrated a high sustained virologic response at 12 weeks (SVR12) and a low rate of adverse events in previous clinical studies. The purpose of this study was to clarify the results of treatment and side effects in Korean patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype Ib infection. METHODS We retrospecti...

Androgen receptor is a primary transcription factor involved in the proliferation of prostate cancer cells. Thus, hormone therapy using antiandrogens, such as bicalutamide, is a first-line treatment for the disease. Although hormone therapy initially reduces the tumor burden, many patients eventually relapse, developing tumors with acquired endocrine resistance. Elucidation of the molecular mec...

transaction cost economics (williamson, 1985) is a theory of the firm in new institutional economics that has been applied for analysing economic transaction; especially, make-or-buy decisions or vertical mergers in firms. the contribution of this paper is applying this theory for a political issue that is party formation. transaction cost economics links the party formation to the transaction ...

This paper develops a theory of the allocation of authority between two parties that produce impure public goods. We show that the optimal allocation depends on technological factors, the parties’ valuations of the goods produced, and the degree of impurity of these goods. When the degree of impurity is large, control rights should be given to the main investor, irrespective of preference consi...

We investigate the terms of exchange between the legislative branch of the government and an administrative bureau with standard operating procedures. An administrative bureau is a not-for-profit public organisation responsible for the production of a non-marketable good. Such a bureau is tax-financed and the budget appropriations can be linked directly to a verifiable measure of the agency’s p...

Benkler (‘Sharing Nicely’, Yale Law Journal, 2004, Vol. 114, pp. 273-358) has argued that ‘social sharing’ via Internet-based distributed computing is a new, so far under-appreciated modality of economic production. This paper presents results from an empirical study of SETI@home (the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence), which is the classic example of such a computing project. The aim is...

The complexes of the respiratory chain represent mosaics of nuclear and mitochondrially encoded components. The processes by which synthesis and assembly of the various subunits are coordinated remain largely elusive. During evolution, many proteins of the mitochondrial ribosome acquired additional domains pointing at specific properties or functions of the translation machinery in mitochondria...

We have identified a novel gene, gtcA, involved in the decoration of cell wall teichoic acid of Listeria monocytogenes serotype 4b with galactose and glucose. Insertional inactivation of gtcA brought about loss of reactivity with the serotype 4b-specific monoclonal antibody c74.22 and was accompanied by a complete lack of galactose and a marked reduction in the amounts of glucose on teichoic ac...

Zinc is an important nutrient but can be lacking in some soil environments, influencing the physiology of soil-dwelling bacteria. Hence, we studied the global effect of zinc limitation on the transcriptome of the rhizosphere biocontrol strain Pseudomonas protegens Pf-5 (formerly Pseudomonas fluorescens). We observed that the expression of the putative zinc uptake regulator (Zur) gene was upregu...

The effect of organic solvents on the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of cylindrospermopsin using photodiode array detection was examined since organic solvents are commonly used to extract this toxin from cyanobacteria and in the mobile phase compositions used in HPLC. Increasing concentrations of methanol resulted in an increase in the UV absorbance of purified cylindro...