The goal of the present study was to investigate the electrophysiological correlates of second-language (L2) morphosyntactic processing in highly proficient late learners of an L2 with long exposure to the L2 environment. ERPs were collected from 22 English-Spanish late learners while they read sentences in which morphosyntactic features of the L2 present or not present in the first language (n...

We created a novel paradigm to investigate phonological processing in sign and asked how age of acquisition (AoA) may affect it. Participants indicated which of two signs was more phonologically similar to a target, and estimated the strength of the resemblance with a mouse click along a continuous scale. We manipulated AoA by testing deaf native and non-native signers, and hearing L2 signers a...

In this paper, we propose a study of the final contours and the prosodic structure observed in yes-no questions in French as an L2. Our study consists in a cross-comparison of utterances recorded in French and Spanish in various settings, and produced by 15 Mexican Spanish learners of French (L2), 10 French speakers and 10 Mexican speakers. In the learner s’ productions, the intonational struct...

The Second Language (L2) research has presented vast curiosity to learners and their judgments on L2. numerous directions of learner-focus study, however, have not been sufficient emphasize the learning experiences in relation social economic context, particularly third world countries. This explores perspectives school second language peripheries Bangladesh. In addition, this demonstrates how ...

Abstract Contraction of want to wanna is sometimes possible (e.g., Who do you to/wanna stay with ___ ? ), but impossible to/*wanna stay? ). This contrast attributable the grammatical constraint that a wh -trace blocks contraction and . Most first language (L1) second (L2) acquisition studies testing learner knowledge this have used elicited production tasks focused on adult participants, incons...

The main purpose of the study reported in this paper was to examine the interrelationships between L2 risk-taking, English learning motivation, L2 speaking anxiety, linguistic confidence, and low-proficiency English as a foreign language (EFL) learners’ speaking complexity, accuracy, and fluency (CAF). A secondary purpose was to test whether task repetition can influence the level of the mentio...

The present study examines the direct and indirect relationships between classroom environment (CE), L2 (second/foreign language) learner emotions (i.e. enjoyment, anxiety boredom), their willingness to communicate (WTC) in classes for English as a foreign language (EFL). Participants were 2,268 university students China. Pearson correlation analyses showed significant correlations CE, emotions...

This study used a new computational linguistics tool, the Coh-Metrix, to investigate and measure the differences in cohesion and lexical network density between native speaker and non-native speaker writing, as well as to investigate L2 proficiency level differences in cohesion and lexical network density. This study analyzed data from three corpora with the Coh-Metrix: the International Corpus...

This paper presents an articulatory synthesis method to transform utterances from a second language (L2) learner to appear as if they had been produced by the same speaker but with a native (L1) accent. The approach consists of building a probabilistic articulatory synthesizer (a mapping from articulators to acoustics) for the L2 speaker, then driving the model with articulatory gestures from a...