We establish rigorously convergence of a semi-discrete upwind scheme for the nonlinear variational wave equation utt − c(u)(c(u)ux)x = 0 with u|t=0 = u0 and ut|t=0 = v0. Introducing Riemann invariants R = ut + cux and S = ut − cux, the variational wave equation is equivalent to Rt − cRx = c̃(R2 − S2) and St + cSx = −c̃(R2 − S2) with c̃ = c′/(4c). An upwind scheme is defined for this system. We ass...

We analytically investigate univariate C continuous cubic L1 interpolating splines calculated by minimizing an L1 spline functional based on the second derivative on 5-point windows. Specifically, we link geometric properties of the data points in the windows with linearity, convexity and oscillation properties of the resulting L1 spline. These analytical results provide the basis for a computa...

A fundamental question in multilingualism is whether the neural substrates are shared or segregated for the two or more languages spoken by polyglots. This study employs functional MRI to investigate the neural substrates underlying the perception of two sentence-level prosodic phenomena that occur in both Mandarin Chinese (L1) and English (L2): sentence focus (sentence-initial vs. -final posit...

The relationship between lexical activation in L1 and L2 was investigated using a backward forward translation task. Bilingual Arabic-English speakers first translated from to L2, then L1. Two groups of participants were established (high low proficient bilinguals). task included words that being both L2. goal the study see how strong relation is. findings revealed bilingual memory relations ar...

The comprehensive o i l log i n t e r p r e t a t i o n is a procedure of numerical ca l cu la t i on and l o g i c a l (or p l aus ib l e ) in fe rence. In other words, the resu l t s of p re l im ina ry inference w i l l provide a basis f o r the choice of parameters of ca l cu l a t i on formula, and then the r e s u l t s of numerical c a l c u l a t i o n w i l l be used as evidences f o r...

We present Depth Explorer, a software tool for examination of depth measures. Depth explorer was written in C++ and Objective-C. It uses a tree-based data structure to render 2-D statistical distributions and depth-based visualizations specified in XML files. We demonstrate the potential of the tool on several test cases. We present an experiments analysis of the L1 depth measure that exposes i...

Background: Mesenchymal stem cells are non-hematopoietic stromal cells that are used in the treatment of many chronic and autoimmune diseases by modulating the immune system. Due to the limitations of using autologous mesenchymal stem cells, the use of allogeneic stem cells is a promising therapeutic approach in the treatment of immunological disorders. This study aimed to investigate the abili...

We treat the estimation of a sparse set of sources emitting plane waves observed by a sensor array as a complex-valued LASSO (c–LASSO) problem where the usual l1-norm constraint is replaced by the l1-norm of a matrix D times the solution vector. When the sparsity order is given, algorithmically selecting a suitable value for the c–LASSO regularization parameter remains a challenging task. The c...

the study aimed at investigating whether the retention of vocabulary acquired incidentally is dependent upon the amount of task-induced involvement. immediate and delayed retention of twenty unfamiliar words was examined in three learning tasks( listening comprehension + group discussion, listening comprehension + dictionary checking + summary writing in l1, and listening comprehension + dictio...

L1 neural cell adhesion molecule is the founding member of the L1 subfamily of the immunoglobulin superfamily and plays an important role in the overall development of both the central and peripheral nervous systems, making it an attractive candidate for promoting neural regeneration following injury. Currently, L1 used for experimental studies is primarily mammalian-derived; however, the insec...