this study was aimed to investigate the effect of altitude on fiber characteristics, chemical composition and kraft yield pulp of brutian pine. wood samples were collected from different altitudes as 450, 750 and 960m of arabdagh plantation, located in kalaleh region in the northeast of golestan province. three healthy sample trees of brutian pine were cut from each altitude. maceration of earl...

Black liquor is the residue from the kraft paper pulp process and consists, mainly, of water, lignin, organic residues from cellulose and hemicelluloses and inorganic matter (mostly sodium, potassium and sulfur). Before any combustion or gasification, the dry content of the black liquor is increased, typically from 14-18% to 75-80%, to permit autogenous combustion and high conversion efficiency...

Wood-inhabiting Basidiomycetes have been screened for various applications in the pulp and paper industry and it is evident that different fungi need to be used to suit the specific requirements of each application. This study assessed the suitability of 278 strains of South African wood-decay fungi for the pre-treatment of softwood chips for kraft pulping. The influence of these fungi on kappa...

A variety of the Leucaena genus, Leucaena diversifolia, was used for pulp and paper making by kraft and refining processes and a OD(EP)DP bleaching sequence. The same species has been suggested as an energy crop and, in fact, this species used shows a high gross heating value; besides, this variety of Leucaena has appropriate characteristics for pulp and paper making. The holocellulose content ...

the effect of commercial xylanase enzyme in prebleaching of bagasse kraft pulp was investigated. xylanase enzyme from trichoderma viride was added to pulp at various doses of 5, 10, 25 and 50 iu/g pulp for reaction time 2h and then the enzyme treated pulp was bleached in d1ed2 sequences (using dioxide chlorine 4, 6, 8, 10% + alkaline extraction + dioxide chlorine 2% as active chlorine). the res...

The extraction of hemicelluloses prior to pulping is an attractive process to be incorporated in the pulp and paper mills to generate valuable by-products such as xylose and xylo-oligomers in addition to core products. This paper investigates the impact of xylan extraction by dilute acid on cooking conditions, pulp yield and properties during kraft and soda-AQ pulping of Eucalyptus grandis wood...

Chemical modification of eucalypt lignin was investigated during kraft pulping and chlorine-free bleaching by comparing milled wood lignin, kraft lignin, and pulp enzymatic residual lignins. The syringyl-to-guaiacyl ratio (S/G) from analytical pyrolysis slightly changed during pulping and bleaching (S/G, 3-4) but was higher in the kraft lignin. Semiquantitative heteronuclear single quantum corr...

The pulp and paper industry is applying new, ecologically sound technology in its manufacturing processes. Many interesting enzymatic applications have been proposed in the literature. Implemented technologies tend to change the existing industrial process as little as possible. Commercial .applications include xylanases in prebleaching kraft pulps and various enzymes in recycling paper. In the...