To define the abundance and comprehend the reactivity of dibenzodioxocins in lignin, model compound studies, specific degradation experiments on milled wood lignin, and molecular modeling calculations have been performed. Quantitative (31)P NMR measurements of the increase of biphenolic hydroxyl groups formed after a series of alkaline degradations in the presence of hydrosulfide anions (kraft ...

The Deligne-Simpson problem asks to find a condition on conjugacy classes C1, . . . , Ck ⊂ Matn(C) such that there are matrices Yi ∈ Ci with (1) ∑k i=1 Yi = 0, (2) and there are no proper subspaces in C stable under all Yi. Crawley-Boevey reduced this problem to checking if there is an irreducible representation in Rep(Π(Q), v) for suitable Q, λ, v produced from C1, . . . , Ck. Recall, Section ...

Limonite, a low-cost iron ore, was investigated as a potential hydrotreatment catalyst for kraft lignin without the use of an external solvent (batch reactor, initial H2 pressure of 100 bar, 4 h). The best results were obtained at 450 °C resulting in 34 wt % of liquefied kraft lignin (lignin oil) on lignin intake. The composition of the lignin oil was determined in detail (elemental composition...

The growing demand for rayon and cellulosic products has resulted in the conversion of a number of kraft pulp mills into dissolving pulp mills in recent years. In fact, kraft-based dissolving pulp production fits well into the concept of an integrated forest biorefinery, in particular, the utilization of dissolved organics in the pre-hydrolysis liquor (PHL) for bio-materials and bio-energy purp...

BACKGROUND Despite decades of work and billions of dollars of investments in laboratory and pilot plant projects, commercial production of cellulosic ethanol is only now beginning to emerge. Because of: (1)high technical risk coupled with; (2) high capital investment cost relative to ethanol product value, investors have not been able to justify moving forward with large scale projects on woody...

The influences of pulp type, content of acidic groups (i.e., sulfonic and carboxylic groups) in CTMP, kappa number (i.e., residual lignin content) of unbleached kraft pulp, and beating degree of bleached kraft pulp on the conductivity of polyaniline (PAn)-coated conductive paper were investigated. The amounts of PAn coated on chemical pulps were higher than those coated on high yield pulps, and...

A new system has been developed for removal of chloride contamination from kraft process liquors. The compact, skid-mounted system which utilizes ion exchange columns only 24 inches in height, is shown to be capable of removing 90-99% of the chloride from a wide variety of sources including dissolved ESP catch, oxidized white liquor, spent bleach scrubber liquors, spent ion exchange demineraliz...