The author acknowledges his indebtedness to the teachings of Fournier on syphilis, and to that of Finger and Neisser on gonorrhoea. Dr. Marshall also emphasizes the importance of both syphilis and gonorrhoea, " the oldest diseases which afflict mankind," as etiological factors in disease. The historical chapter is very interesting. It is clearly shown that syphilis was well known before the gre...

There is an ancient and well-known Asian folk-tale that, in a version by the poet Rumi in Tales from the Masnavi, tells of four men who are asked to feel an elephant in a dark room and describe what they are sensing. Each of them touches just one part of the elephant, so they all reach different conclusions and think that they are in the presence of either a water-spout, a fan, a pillar, or a t...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and severity of dental caries among 12-year-old Iraqi schoolchildren ingesting water and beverages with low fluoride content. METHOD A total of 1,526 twelve-year-olds were clinically examined in autumn 2013 for dental caries in accordance with the WHO criteria. Two questionnaires were distributed to gather data concerning daily inta...

“We are without allies amongst the Iraqi populace, including those who have benefited from the ouster of Saddam. . . . Across Baghdad, Latifiyah, Mahmudiyah, Salman Pak, Baqubah, Balad, Taji, Baiji, Ramadi, and just about everywhere else you can name, the people absolutely hate us. . . . The Iraqi people have not bought into what the Americans are selling, and no amount of military activity is ...

This study aims at identifying the kinds of errors that Iraqi FEL Non-departmental undergraduates made in the use of definite and indefinite articles . These errors are: (1) deletion of the indefinite article (2) substitution of the indefinite for the definite article (3) substitution of the definite for the indefinite article (4) substitution of a for an. Native language transfer was found to ...

Intelligence production is a vital state function that supports military and policy decision Lefebvre, 2004) and, with today's " information tsunami " only gaining strength, it is increasingly 2002). While the intelligence function goes largely unnoticed by the public eye, intelligence failures that significantly impact human lives or international relations bring it acutely into the spotlight....

In this paper, we describe techniques for improving machine translation quality in the context of speech-to-speech translation for significantly different language pairs. Specifically, we explore three broad approaches for improving translation from English to Iraqi and vice versa. First, we investigate normalization techniques which address the differences in spoken and written forms of both l...

Class of 2008 Political Science The author examines visual and rhetorical strategies used by Iraqi and non-Iraqi groups in recruiting voters for the January 2005 legislative and presidential elections. Case studies include the USAID, various Shiite clergy groups, and Future Iraq Assembly, which is a non-governmental organization of activists, businesspeople, and academicians. Religious appeals ...

Defining the role of the U.S. Army Rehabilitation and Prosthetic Assistance Team in reconstruction operations was a key component of this first of its kind Army Medical Department (AMEDD) mission in a combat theater of operations. In the tradition of civil-military operations, a five-man team trained 11 Iraqi rehabilitation and prosthetic providers on best clinical, technical, and business prac...