one of the most sectarian suspicions arises aboutnahjul-balagha, is the suspicion of mentioning the al-sahabah (the companions of prophet mohammad).in this regard, many cast doubt on the authenticity of the chain of transmission, or isnad, ofsermon of ash-shiqshiqiyahto imam ali (as) and claim that it is really the work of the compiler. however, those familiar with al-radhi’s writings can easil...

This article examines the psychological doctrines of Ashʿarite theologian and polymath Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī (d. 606/1210). The starting point discussion is his critical reception Avicenna’s ca. 428/1037) theories. I focus on al-Rāzī’s early works philosophy, in particular <em>al-Mab</em><em>āḥith al-mashriqiyya</em> famous commentary <em>al-Ish</em><em>...

among the traditions concerning the signs of wisdom, there is a tradition related from imam al-ṣādiq (a.s.) introducing the person wearing a long beard, the signet of his ring, and his nickname, as indications of his lack of wisdom. while examining the sanad and text of this tradition, the article seeks to find out the real source of this saying and the various possibilities about the source an...

no matter what the extent of effort and diligencr devoted, it seems almost impossible to duely appreciate the role and works of sharif al-razi: in addition to specific and unique features of his time/age which flourished in science,  knowledge, and enlightment, al-razi had his own distinguished poetic personality. though this article we aim at fairly evaluating the genius and talent of al-razi ...

the traditional logician’s explanation on categorical syllogism, make the analysis of controversial syllogism and other relative syllogism, very difficult. the thirteenth century logicians use two methods to solve this problem. one method is ibn sina's method, which adds a premise to syllogism, and the second method is fakhr al-din al-razi and katebis’ method, which provide syllogism relyi...