abstract t his paper explains bilateral trade patterns between south korea and thirteen opec member countries over the period 1980-2014 using a gravity model. the estimation results show that the gravity equation fits the data reasonably well. we confirmed the existence of long term relationships between the bilateral trade flows and the main components of gravity model - gdp, income (gdp per c...

This Chapter studies the economic mechanism relating (i) growth and (ii) openness to trade. It investigates how openness to economic exchange influences total factor productivity (TFP) convergence across economies. This Chapter stands as the natural limit point of the sequence of findings reported in earlier Chapters. At the Conference, we had previously seen correlations and tabulations and di...