Hydrological models are the simplified, conceptual and mathematical description of rainfall, runoff, oceans, rivers, groundwater, snow etc. Rainfall-runoff modeling in the broader sense a hydrological, mathematical model gives a detailed account of Rainfall-Runoff relationships of a catchment area or watershed. Conversion of rainfall into runoff takes place in the modelling. There are many meth...

Urban planning is associated with land transformation from natural areas to modified and developed ones which leads to modification of natural environment. The basic knowledge of relationship between both should be ascertained before proceeding for the development of natural areas. Changes on land surface due to build up pavements, roads and similar land cover, affect surface water flow. There ...

Contribution of snowfall to runoff is especially important in snow-dominated regions where hydrological processes are mostly influenced by snowmelt. In this study, the contribution Turkey for last 21 years was examined light observed data and model results globally provided NASA. The snow dominant twenty-one were revealed, ratio spatially averaged maximum water equivalent (Rsr) values, an indic...

The National Weather Service’s Snow Data Assimilation (SNODAS) program provides daily, gridded estimates of snow depth, snow water equivalent (SWE), and related snow parameters at a 1-km resolution for the conterminous USA. In this study, SNODAS snow depth and SWE estimates were compared with independent, ground-based snow survey data in the Colorado Rocky Mountains to assess SNODAS accuracy at...

Snowpacks in the southwestern United States melt intermittently throughout the winter. At some mid-elevation locations, between 7,000 and 7,500 ft, snowpacks appear and disappear, depending on the distribution of storms during relatively dry winters. Some winter precipitation can occur as rain during warm storms and is not reflected in the snow course data. The USDA Natural Resources Conservati...

Applying models to developed agricultural regions remains a difficult problem because there are no existing modeling codes that represent both the complex physics of hydrology and anthropogenic manipulations water distribution consumption. We apply an integrated groundwater – surface hydrologic river operations model irrigated valley in northwestern Nevada/northern California, United States eva...

[1] The character and quantity of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) were studied in nine small boreal streams and adjacent soils during two years, with focus on the spring snowmelt period. The streams cover a forest-wetland gradient, spanning from 0% to 69% wetland coverage. Lower values of the absorbance ratio measured at 254 nm and 365 nm (A254/A365), in both soil plots and streams, indicated th...