The pastoral nomads of Iran, who had been able to achieve a “sustainable balance” between their environment and their economy throughout their history, are being held responsible for the degradation of the rangelands by the experts and state officials. The government of Iran has placed considerable resources into provision of advice and services to improve the natural resource status of Iranian...

t he relationship between the price of oil and the level of economic activity is a fundamental empirical issue in macroeconomics. in this research, by using a multivariate garch-in-mean var, we try to investigate direct effects of uncertainty of oil price on macroeconomics of iran by using annually data from 1965 to 2013.results show that uncertainty about oil prices had a negative and signific...

This essay introduces a new featured section, to be published in Small Axe annually, that explores the critical vocabulary of field Caribbean studies.

Abstract “Queer” is a relatively recent and somewhat controversial term in African studies. Yet it proving to be productive, not only for understanding subjectivities of sexuality gender, but also situating Africa’s position the larger economy knowledge. Otu van Klinken explore productive tensions between “queer” “Africa,” aim read Africa as queer from Africa. Thus, rather than imagining polar ...

Abstract In this paper, the effect of foreign sector macro-variable on inflation dynamics and firms’ pricing behavior has been investigated in the context of a small open economy New Keynesian Phillips Curve. This curve is derived and estimated for a developing oil-exporting economy suffering from Dutch Disease. This version of NKPC is an extension of Leith and Malley’s (2007) small open econom...

in the market for factors of production usually the equilibrium will be stablished on the based of the equality between the value of marginal products of output and their relative price level. on the other hand the value of marginal product of output is a function of observed rate productivity of output and the market capacity of factors of production. thus the fluctuation in the rate of produc...