This paper investigates the presence of bull and bear market states in stock price dynamics. A new definition of bull and bear market states based on sequences of stopping times tracing local peaks and troughs in stock prices is proposed. Duration dependence in stock prices is investigated through posterior mode estimates of the hazard function in bull and bear markets. We find that the longer ...

The bull is a graph consisting of a triangle and two pendant edges. A graph is called bull-free if no induced subgraph of it is a bull. This is the second paper in a series of three. The goal of the series is to give a complete description of all bull-free graphs. We call a bull-free graph elementary if it does not contain an induced three-edge-path P such that some vertex c 6∈ V (P ) is comple...

pregnancy rate is one of the most important factors determining profit or loss. Considerable emphasis and focus is placed on the nutritional and reproductive management of the cow herd; but, unfortunately, in most operations little emphasis is placed on the bull. However, each bull is expected to impregnate from 15 40 females during the breeding season in a typical cow-calf operation and, thus,...

this paper wants to investigate why fereydūn’s mace was bull-headed. since such weapon has a prominent role in our epics and it has been used by most of our heroes, it seems important to find its origin out.  to achieve this goal, there is a brief explanation about mace and all kinds of it in the texts of different periods in iranian and some other indo-european cultures. then some mythological...

In vitro fertilization assays were performed to investigate their validity in evaluating artificial insemination (AI) bull fertility. A total of 1,532 oocytes, collected from ovaries at the abattoir, were subsequently used in a 4 x 6 x 2 factorial design: 4 doses of heparin added into the capacitation and fertilization medium (0; 0.05; 0.1 and 0.2 micrograms/ml), 6 different bulls with known on...

Mammalian spermatozoa experience osmotic stress when the glycerol is added to the cells before freezing and removal from the cells after thawing. To minimize osmotic damage, alternative cryoprotectants, having lower molecular weights and greater membrane permeability than glycerol, were evaluated to determine their effectiveness for cryopreserving bull spermatozoa. The primary goal of this stud...

Ecological and life history characteristics such as population size, dispersal pattern, and mating system mediate the influence of genetic drift and gene flow on population subdivision. Bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) and mountain whitefish (Prosopium williamsoni) differ markedly in spawning location, population size and mating system. Based on these differences, we predicted that bull trou...

Consuming sugar-free Red Bull energy drink before exercise has become increasingly popular among exercising individuals. The main purported active ingredient in sugar-free Red Bull is caffeine, which has been shown to increase aerobic exercise performance. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of sugar-free Red Bull energy drink on high-intensity run time-to-exhaustion in young...