OBJECTIVES Clinical-laboratory and evolutionary analysis of twenty-eight patients with Wilson's disease. METHODS Twenty-eight children (twelve females and sixteen males) with Wilson's disease were evaluated retrospectively between 1987 and 2009, with a follow-up of 72 months (1 - 240 months). The clinical, laboratory, and histologic features at diagnosis were recorded at the end of the study....

A 13 years old girl was admitted to the pediatric ward of hospital  No 1 of Kerman university of medical sciences because of crampy pains, pins and needles sensation of the extremities and history of an episode of seizure. Her problem started one week prior to admission with pain in the leg muscles, flexion of the fingers followed by seizure. On physical examination, the prominent finding inclu...

[1] Ziegler J, Facchini PJ (2008) Alkaloid Biosynthesis: Metabolism and Trafficking. Annu Rev Plant Biol 59:735–769. doi: 10.1146/annurev.arplant.59.032607.092730 [2] Averesch NJH, Kayser O (2014) Assessing Heterologous Expression of Hyoscyamine 6β-Hydroxylase – A Feasibility Study. Procedia Chem 13:69–78. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proche.2014.12.008 [3] Kim, HK, Choi YH, Verpoorte R, (2...

In deciding on an appropriate paper for this topic, we had to first choose between copper deficiency and copper toxicity. Copper deficiency is a common problem in some animals species, but is rare in the human. It occasionally occurs on a dietary basis, bowel surgery basis, or overtreatment with anticopper drugs. It is also a major clinical problem in the rare inherited condition, Menke’s disea...

In Schramm & Kayser (1995) we introduced the complex Beltrami Equation as an appropriate framework for the analysis of arclets in cluster lensing. Corresponding real formalisms have been developed by Kaiser and Schneider & Seitz (this volume, compare also the references in Schramm & Kayser 1995). Here, we show how the solutions of the Beltrami differential equation can be used to identify multi...

This survey describes the submodular function minimization problem (SFM); why it is important; techniques for solving it; algorithms by Cunningham [7, 11, 12], by Schrijver [69] as modified by Fleischer and Iwata [20], by Orlin [64], by Iwata, Fleischer, and Fujishige [45], and by Iwata [41, 43] for solving it; and extensions of SFM to more general families of subsets.

BACKGROUND Long-term data on the clinical follow-up and the treatment effectiveness of Wilson's disease are limited because of the low disease frequency. This study evaluated a retrospective cohort of Wilson's disease patients from southern Brazil during a 40-year follow-up period. METHODS Thirty-six Wilson's disease patients, diagnosed from 1971 to 2010, were retrospectively evaluated accord...

Introduction and Genetics Wilson's disease (WD; Hepatolenticular degeneration) is an autosomal-recessive disorder of copper metabolism due to absence or dysfunction of a copper-transporting, Ptype ATPase which is essential for the transport of copper into bile. Affected patients accumulate excessive copper within the liver as well as the brain and other tissues. This is mainly a disease of chil...

This paper continues the study, initiated by Cole and Fleischer in [Cole and Fleischer 2008], of the behavior of a tatonnement price update rule in Ongoing Fisher Markets. The prior work showed fast convergence toward an equilibrium when the goods satisfied the weak gross substitutes property and had bounded demand and income elasticities. The current work shows that fast convergence also occur...