The elephant population in Kruger National Park, Republic of South Africa, is growing rapidly. To prevent damage to the Park’s ecosystems, the management has culled about 7% of the population annually. Such culls are very controversial. At first glance, contraceptives seem an attractive alternative means of control. We examine contraception as a management option, review the relevant aspects of...

In the present study, the Tangrah region located in the vicinity of GolestanNational Park was selected for exploring the changes in the amount of the secondaryessential of hypericin in Hypericum perforatum in different highlands of the easternGolestan province. The aerial flowered parts of the herb were collected randomly and inthree replications from four altitudes of 300 m, 600 m, 900 m, and ...

Based on the floristic study of rust fungus flora (Uredinales) ofGolestan National Park, located in the Northeast of Iran, 68 rust taxa were recognized. Of these, one subspecies and five species viz. Phragmidium sanguisorbae subsp. mediterraneum on Sanguiosorba minor, Puccinia difformis on Galium aparine, P. jasmini on Jasminum fruticans, P. rhylismoides on Thalictrum isopyroides, Uromyces mogi...

ecosystems is challenging because park managers cannot accurately determine ecosystem states and predict the outcomes of management actions due to uncertainty. Four sources of uncertainty arise. First, variability in social, demographic, ecological, and economic factors makes it difficult to infer the state of an ecosystem from observed conditions and predict ecosystem responses to management a...

Despite comprising only 2.2% of the area of the Northern Territory, estuaries are major repositories of biodiversity; 40% of all fishes recorded from the Northern Territory occur in estuaries and 33% of all northern Australian freshwater fishes require access to estuaries to breed. Estuaries are vital nursery areas for many fish species including many that are of economic importance. Importantl...

School of Medicine and Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York; Environmental Genomics Section, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina; National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arizona; and Univ...

Social & Scientific Systems, Inc., Durham, NC 27713, USA Integrated Laboratory Systems, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA National Toxicology Program Interagency Center for the Evaluation of Alternative Toxicological Methods, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA Procter & Gamble NV, Stro...