We analyze the complexity of quantum state verification in context solving systems linear equations form $A \vec x = b$. show that any operation verifies whether a given is within constant distance from solution problem requires $q=\Omega(\kappa)$ uses unitary prepares $\left| b \right>$, proportional to $\vec b$, and its inverse worst case. Here, $\kappa$ condition number matrix $A$. For typic...

In comparison to B cell stimulation mediated by surface immunoglobulin (Ig) antigen receptor ligation, little is known about the intracellular events associated with T cell-dependent B cell responses. A model for the efferent phase of T cell-B cell interaction was used to examine the capacity of activated T cells to trigger nuclear expression of the trans-acting transcription factor, NF-kappa B...

The hepatitis B virus-encoded X antigen (HBxAg) may contribute to the development of liver cancer, in part, by stimulating the growth and survival of infected cells in the face of ongoing immune responses. Given that the Fas ligand/receptor system contributes to the pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis B, experiments were designed to test the hypothesis that HBxAg mediates resistance of liver cell...

Human kappa-producing B cell lines and leukemias retain their excluded lambda light chain genes in the germ line configuration, whereas transformed lambda-producing B cells uniformly rearrange or delete their kappa genes (12). Whether the unexpected lambda gene recombinations within malignant lambda-producing B cells reflect a normal developmental process or are secondary to transformation and ...

Dithiocarbamates and iron chelators were recently considered for the treatment of AIDS and neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we show that dithiocarbamates and metal chelators can potently block the activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B), a transcription factor involved in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) expression, signaling, and immediate early gene activation d...

The relationship between human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection and the induction of NF-kappa B binding activity was examined in a myeloid cell model of HIV-1 infection derived from the PLB-985 cell line. Chronic infection of PLB-985 cells led to increased monocyte-specific surface marker expression, increased c-fms gene transcription, and morphological alterations consistent wit...