Marine protected areas (MPAs) are spatially defined marine units in which one or more human activities— particularly fishing—are restricted or prohibited. They represent a precautionary and ecosystem-based approach to ocean management (Mangel 2000; Pikitch et al. 2004; Jones 2006). The 1992 Convention for Biological Diversity set a target for 10% of the global marine area to be designated as MP...

This month’s First International Marine Protected Areas Congress (IMPAC1), to be held 23-28 October in Geelong, Australia, is one of the first global conferences devoted solely to the subject of MPAs. Hopefully many more will follow. Unanswered questions still abound on aspects of MPA science (e.g. the effects of reserves on neighboring fisheries) and on best practices in planning and managemen...

many of the societal level factors that affect health – the ‘social determinants of health (sdh)’ – exist outside the health sector, across diverse portfolios of government, and other major institutions including non-governmental organisations (ngos) and the private sector. this has created growing interest in how to create and implement public policies which will drive better and fairer health...

Marine Geomatics Research Lab, Department of Geography, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada, Centre for Fisheries and Ecosystem Research, Fisheries and Marine Institute of Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada, Marine Habitat Mapping Group, Departments of Geography and Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada, Department ...

background: in this study, the impact of self-citation (journal and author) on impact factor of iranian english medical journals in two international citation databases, web of science (wos) and islamic world science citation center (isc), were compared by citation analysis. methods: twelve journals in wos and 26 journals in isc databases indexed between the years (2006-2009) were selected and ...