This paper reconsiders the explanation of R&D subsidies by Spencer and Brander (1983) and others by allowing firms to license their innovations and to pool their R&D investments. We show that in equilibrium R&D joint ventures are formed and licensing occurs in a way that eliminates the strategic benefits of R&D investment in the export oligopoly game. Nevertheless, national governments are driv...

This issue of organizational unlearning, which is defined as the discarding of old routines to make way for new ones, has received limited attention in the literature although studies of organizational learning have been proliferating. Based on a comparative case analysis of eight Sino-foreign joint ventures, this study examines knowledge transfer by foreign partners to greenfield versus acquis...

Management and protection of proprietary intangible assets such as technology and management skills is important for firms considering international expansion via joint ventures. Joint venture partners have incentives to appropriate intangible property. Also many governments have instituted policies to help domestic firms maximise technology spillovers. Some require foreign firms interested in ...

Shortages in materials, skilled labour and equipment are well known within construction industries, impede performance on ongoing pipeline projects. This study explores international joint ventures (ICJVs) as a resourcing model that could relieve pressures the New Zealand (NZ) industry. The goes further to identify risks constraints associated with ICJVs. There is dearth of literature role ICJV...

In this paper, we compare the characteristics of real world financial contracts to their counterparts in financial contracting theory. We do so by conducting a detailed study of actual contracts between venture capitalists (VCs) and entrepreneurs. We consider VCs to be the real world entities who most closely approximate the investors of theory. (1) The distinguishing characteristic of VC finan...