OBJECTIVE The aim of this systematic review was to assess the role of microsurgical reconstruction of the jaws in patients with bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis, and biological complications after an observation period of at least 12 months. MATERIAL AND METHODS An electronic MEDLINE search supplemented by manual searching was conducted to identify studies reporting data of at least 12 mo...

Bisphosphonates, which inhibit osteoclasts, alleviate many of the devastating consequences of metastatic bone disease. However, bisphosphonates may play a role in the development of osteonecrosis of the jaws. We report our experience in the management of a patient with a history of bisphosphonate therapy who presented with osteonecrosis of the jaws following dental extraction to make others, pa...

langerhans cell histiocytosis is a relatively rare unique disease process characterized by an abnormal proliferation of immature dendritic cells usually affecting children and young adults. jaws are involved in less than 10% of children with the disease while mandibular involvement in young children is uncommon and bilateral affection is very rare. the purpose of this report is to describe a un...

Adverse effects associated with the use of bisphosphonates are infrequent and consist of pyrexia, renal function impairment, and hypocalcemia. Bisphosphonates-associated osteonecrosis of the jaws is an uncommon but potentially serious complication of intravenous bisphosphonate therapy in cancer patients. The degree of risk for osteonecrosis in patients taking oral bisphosphonates, such as alend...

T s c t b a s m n e c steonecrosis of the jaws has been identified as a otential adverse side effect of nitrogen-containing isphosphonate (nBP) medications. These medicaions are also known as amino bisphosphonates. Earier bisphosphonates usually did not have nitrogenontaining side chains or the opposed hydroxyl group nd thus were less effective. The overall risk of steonecrosis in individuals t...

Insect genitalia exhibit rapid divergent evolution. Truly extraordinary structures have evolved in some groups, presumably as a result of postmating sexual selection. To increase our understanding of this phenomenon, we studied the function of one such structure. The male genitalia of Callosobruchus subinnotatus (Coleoptera: Bruchinae) contain a pair of jaw-like structures with unknown function...

The jaws of different species of stag beetles show a large variety of shapes and sizes. The male jaws are used as weapons in fights, and they may exert a very forceful bite in some species. We investigated in 16 species whether and how the forcefulness of their bite is reflected in their jaw morphology. We found a large range of maximal muscle forces (1.8-33 N; factor of 18). Species investing ...

Piscivory in fishes is often associated with the evolution of highly elongate jaws that achieve a large mouth opening, or gape. Belonesox belizanus, the pike killifish, has independently evolved this morphology, which is derived from short-jawed poeciliids within the Cyprinodontiformes. Using kinematic analysis of high-speed video footage, we observed a novel aspect of the elongate jaws of Belo...

To be cost effective and highly precise, many industrial assembly robots have only four degrees of freedom (D.O.F. ) plus a binary pneumatic gripper. Such robots commonly permit parts to be rotated only about a vertical axis. However it is often necessary to reorient parts about other axes prior to assembly. In this paper we describe a way to orient parts about an arbitrary axis by introducing ...