In this paper we document the growing importance of intra-East Asian trade of parts and components. Our empirical analysis shows that FDI does play an important and independent or exogenous role in facilitating the trade of parts and components in East Asia. This is true for aggregate FDI as well as FDI from individual countries, including investment from the United States, Japan and South Kore...

The main purpose of this study is to illustrate, with simple trade theory, the relationship between competing industrial standards and trade liberalization. We assume that there are two competing industrial standards in an international context, each of which consists of di¤erentiated products. A product can be used only in combination with other products based on the same industrial standard. ...

Systemic shift, in which the weight of global economy has shifted away from Euro-Atlantic eastwards, is increasingly underlined by what referred to here as ‘Asianisation Asia'. Asianisation a process Asia's diverse regions steadily converge around shared economic agendas. Japan, followed so-called ‘Asian Tigers’, were pioneers Asian process, began earnest mid-1960s. China and India, drivers pre...

after establishment of the world trade organization (wto) in 1995, not only all countries around the world had to receive progressively the wto accession but also those that had higher economic potentials benefited further advantages from their memberships. one goal which has been followed by the wto has relied on economic convergence. it is now a time to ask whether convergence in monetary po...

In the context of expanding global food trade in which we import and consume a variety of foods from across the world, insuring food safety, an essential public health issue, has become a major concern in our food supply system. Over the past several years, food related scandals of Chinese made foods have been in the headlines and caused a high degree of concern for Japanese consumers. Japanese...

Iran is an actual neighboring state of Afghanistan and shares a long border 936 km. critical country with stakes in historical, cultural, economic, linguistic ties. After the withdrawal Soviet troops, civil war erupted Afghanistan; as result war, Taliban emerged supported Northern Alliance against militants. Tehran considered regime threat to its national security because follows Sunni sect Isl...

This study aims to examine the impact of Institutional quality, Employment, and trade openness on environment (CO2 emission in metric tonnes) for period between 2002 2021, using data from top ten CO2-producing nations (China, United States, India, Russia, Japan, Germany, Iran, South Korea, Saudi Arabia, Indonesia). We employ panel-based Auto Regressive Distributive Lags (ARDL) model that includ...

Current state of relations between Iran and Pakistan is shown in the article. Coming to power president E. Raisi, a representative conservative elite Islamic Republic 2021 election Shahbaz Sharif as prime minister 2022 increases attention subject. The article focuses on political relationship two countries. Special paid situation Afghanistan after withdrawal American troops its influence politi...

â â â â â â â â â â â  the recent global crisis, as a big crash ( baldwin and simon , 2009), has reduced foreign demand growth affecting total countries’ exports. given the importance of foreign trade to nations and the reality that recent crisis has affected international trade we study the effects of the global financial crisis on trade relations between countries by using ma and cheng (200...