BACKGROUND Atypical femoral fracture (AFF) occurs with minor trauma in patients receiving antiresorptive drugs such as bisphosphonate and denosumab. We hypothesized that patients with bone metastasis who receive higher doses of antiresorptive drugs tend to experience AFF more frequently. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence rate of AFF in patients receiving antiresorptive drugs for bo...

Background: The incidence of atypical femoral fractures (AFF) is estimated at 70 to 100 per 100,000 patients. They are seen in patients who have undergone a prolonged course bisphosphonate therapy. In one study, Asian women were found more than 6-fold increase the relative risk AFF compared Caucasians. It also noticed that Asians increased prevalence bowing femur. This presents challenge surgic...

Alternate frame folding (AFF) is a mechanism by which conformational change can be engineered into a protein. The protein structure switches from the wild-type fold (N) to a circularly-permuted fold (N'), or vice versa, in response to a signaling event such as ligand binding. Despite the fact that the two native states have similar structures, their interconversion involves folding and unfoldin...

Floral morphology often directly influences interactions with pollinators, but less is known about the role of extrafloral structures. We studied the relationship between bract motility, floral structural specialization and pollination in Dalechampia aff. bernieri, an endemic Madagascan species with floral structures indicating specialized buzz-pollination.Wemeasured circadian bract angles in 4...

Translocations between the human Mixed Lineage Leukemia (MLL) and AF4 Family (AFF) member genes, are implicated in leukemia. Mutations to AFFs can disrupt lymphopoesis, CNS development and spermatogenesis. However, despite the growing list of pathologies linked to AFF members, their evolutionary relationship and the structure/function of individual members, remain to be elucidated. Here, we fir...

BACKGROUND Atypical femoral fractures (AFF) are a rare type of femoral stress fracture recently described, potentially associated with prolonged bisphosphonate therapy. Evidence-based recommendations regarding diagnosis and management of these fractures are scarce. The purpose of this study is to propose an algorithm for the diagnosis and management of AFF. METHODS We performed a PubMed searc...

Previous studies have shown that two types of virus-specific suppressor T cells (Ts) are induced in mice made tolerant with herpes simplex virus (HSV)-infected spleen cells (SC). One type of Ts blocks the afferent phase of the delayed hypersensitivity response to HSV (Ts-aff), and the other blocks the efferent or effector phase (Ts-eff). In this report we show that the induction requirements fo...

We have screened for in vitro inhibition of viral replication with extracts from the following marine microalgae: Porphyridium cruentum, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Tetraselmis suecica, Chlorella autotrophica, Dunaliella tertiolecta, Dunaliella bardawil, Isochrysis galbana, Isochrysis galbana var Tiso, Ellipsoidon sp. and Tetraselmis tetrathele. We have used as viral models two enveloped viruses...

Two Iranian strains of Brachionus rotifers were cultured under different food and salinity regimes. The rotifers were fed with five algal types (freshwater and marine Chlorella vulgaris, Nannochloropsis occulata, Isochrysis galbana and Scenedesmus obliquus) at three different salinities (5, 15 and 25 g/L) and their reproductive and growth parameters were assessed. The maximum number of ovigerou...

Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous (Late Volgian-latest Ryazanian) rhynchonellate brachiopods are described from eight out of 15 hydrocarbon seep deposits in the Slottsmøya Member of the Agardhfjellet Formation in the Janusfjellet to Knorringfjellet area, central Spitsbergen, Svalbard. The fauna comprises rhynchonellides, terebratulides (terebratuloids and loboidothyridoids) and a terebratellidine....