BACKGROUND The need for reoperation or wound infection treatments between pulsatile and gravity irrigation are statistically equivalent, however, it is unclear which method maximizes operative efficiency and expeditious irrigation. In this study we set out to determine the differences in irrigation rate between these various treatment methods. METHODS This was an ex-vivo experimental laborato...

protection of water resources from contamination and detection of the contaminants and their treatments are among the essential issues in the management of water resources. in this work, the time-lapse electrical resistivity tomography (ert) surveys were conducted along 7 longitudinal lines in the downstream of the latian dam in jajrood (iran), in order to detect the contamination resulting fro...

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of a mild or severe stressor on the saltwater preference of juvenile spring chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). To observe the response of fish to an overhead threat, we presented stressed fish with an avian predator model in the second experiment. Experiments were conducted in 757-L tanks containing a stable vertical salinity gradi...

The immature stages of freshwater insects can sometimes be found in densities of up to 25,000 m -2 in saltwaterinundated regions of estuaries, however little is known of their condition there. The gut fullness and contents of larvae of two species of hydropsychid caddisfly (Hydropsyche siltalai and H. instabilis) from freshwater and saltwater-inundated sites on the Aber Estuary, Wales were comp...

Introduction. This experimental study is to compare radiographs based on the penetration depth of the irrigant following three final irrigation techniques. Material and Method. A sample of sixty teeth with single roots were prepared with stainless steel K files followed by mechanized Ni-Ti files iRace® under irrigation with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite. Radiopaque solution was utilized to measure t...

Insufficiency of potable water is acute in southwest (SW) coastal areas Bangladesh. The local population ignores the depth to saltwater/freshwater interface causing many unsuccessful waters wells drilling. In this context, a combined use borehole logs, geophysical well vertical electrical soundings (VES), resistivity tomography (ERT) and conductivity (EC) sampled was performed identify depths p...

A field crop irrigation management decision-making system (CropIrri) was developed based on the soil water balance model, crop phenology model, root growth model, crop water production function, and irrigation management model. The irrigation plan is made through predicating of soil water content in root zone and daily crop water requirement using historical and forecasting weather data, measur...

Groundwater resources are facing increasing pressure especially in semi-arid regions where they often represent the main freshwater resource to sustain human needs. Several aquifers Mediterranean basin suffer from salinization and quality degradation. This study provides an assessment of Grombalia coastal aquifer (Tunisia) based on multidisciplinary approach that combines chemical isotopic (?2H...

Abstract In most developing countries non-irrigation status often dominates adoption of traditional and modern irrigation technology. In this paper, we study the effect of production risk on irrigation technology choice among small-scale farmers in Chile, applying sample selection and discrete choice models. We find that more educated farmers, with credit access, receiving extension services, a...

in aquatic ecosystems, pollutants including heavy metals cause pathological alternations in fishes. as, the impacts of pollutants are affected by chemical properties of water, this study was conducted to compare the histopathological effects of two heavy metals as and cd on gill structure of aphanius sophiae. a total of 350 specimens were collected from the shoor river of eshtehard during the s...