Thermodynamics problems for the single-phase-lagging (SPL) model have not been much studied. In this paper, the violation of the second law of thermodynamics by the SPL model is studied from two perspectives, which are the negative entropy production rate and breaking equilibrium spontaneously. The methods for the SPL model to avoid the negative entropy production rate are proposed, which are e...

We employ Onsager’s irreversible thermodynamics (IrTh) to study the Inverse Edelstein effect (IEE) for a non-magnetic material (NM) adjacent topological insulator (TI) with strong spin-orbit interaction. The TI surface state region is treated as quasi two-dimensional (2d). For IEE, source 3d spin flux incident from NM that converts, at NM/TI interface, quasi-2d charge current in TI. Effect (EE)...

By applying a variational principle on a magnetic system within the framework of extended irreversible thermodynamics, we find that the presence of a temperature gradient in a ferromagnet leads to a generalisation of the Landau-Lifshitz equation with an additional magnetic induction field proportional to the temperature gradient. This field modulates the damping of the magnetic excitation. It c...