Abstract This article identifies the personalities and circumstances behind two previously unknown heterodox religious publishing projects of seventeenth century. The first was based in Leiden United Provinces, while second originated Dresden Electoral Saxony. project likely led by German jurist Johann Angelius Werdenhagen, who 1628 had Jacob Böhme’s Weg zu Christo Anna Ovena Hoyer’s Gespräch E...

Styles in the normal course of historical development change and evolve, and in the process of this movement and change, some poets play a vital role. These poets try to be inventive in order to escape banality and repeated and shallow literary traditions, and by creating a rift between themselves and former traditions they introduce new elements.  These artists either create new figures o...

plants in ancient fictional texts describe the  relation between low world and super worlds and appear in forms including ritual resurrection, human reincarnation in plant and vice versa, identification of human and plant , and etc which  relate human's spirit to supernatural. contemporary persian poets are taking advantage of a new language that is full of mythical concepts for expression...

sa'adi shirazi, as one of the greatest persian poets, was also fluent in arabic language. despite his fluency in arabic, he has few poems in this language; however these few poems show his high position among iranian poets who composed in arabic. metaphor as an important rhetoric figure would be analyzed in sa’adi’s poems to show how much the manner of metaphor use, both in terms of form o...

Recent feminist and gender-oriented scholarship about the Victorian sonnet has attributed a pioneering role to Elizabeth Barrett Browning’s Sonnets from the Portuguese in the nineteenth-century revival of the genre. Eminent literary critics such as Angela Leighton, Alison Chapman, and Dorothy Mermin agree that theSonnets, in Chapman’s words, ‘translate the amatory discourse of Petrarchanism int...