In recent years, governmental pressure on reducing the cost of drugs, together with the growth in the number of generic manufacturers, have given a considerable boost to competition in the pharmaceutical sector. Such relevant market change has highlighted the necessity of controlling and improving performance in order to reduce costs while maintaining high qualitylevels, both enhancing working ...

Real options analysis was often recommended as an emerging valuation technique for high-risk investment projects. Former inter-sectoral surveys have drawn an ambivalent picture of real options usage in general. In addition, there is a lack of sector-specific investigations. In the following article the results of an in-depth analysis of collected empirical data regarding the application of this...

Purpose: The understanding of changing industry dynamics is essential for any business firm that wishes to enter, earn returns and sustain in given industry. study/analysis an various stakeholders. For instance, creditors/investors take decisions concerning investment only after a thorough analysis the current scenario prospects ABCD framework effective tool both positive negative impact indust...

The World Health Organization (WHO) promotes the use of generic drug policies to foster competition in the pharmaceutical sector, reduce drug prices, and increase access to therapeutic drugs. However, little is known about how countries implement these policies. This article describes different terminology adopted by national regulatory authorities to define generic versus proprietary drug prod...

Any firm in the pharmaceutical industry requires efficient and effective management information systems (MIS) to support managerial functions. Lack of timely access of the management in Iranian pharmaceutical firms to required information due to inefficiency and/or ineffectiveness of current MIS is the problem addressed in this paper. In this study, in addition to describing the current conditi...

The constant endeavors of a group of pharmacists graduated in different areas in Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences has led to the foundation of one of the most prestigious pharmacy schools, not only within Iran, but among Eastern Asian pharmacy Schools. We are proud to state that we have been successfully carrying on a great share of the pharmaceutical advancements in many various ...

BACKGROUND Barriers to expanding access to medicines include weak pharmaceutical sector governance, lack of transparency and accountability, inadequate attention to social services on the political agenda, and financing challenges. Multi-stakeholder initiatives such as the Medicines Transparency Alliance (MeTA) may help overcome these barriers. Between 2008 and 2015, MeTA engaged stakeholders i...

Many studies have shown the crippling effects of sanctions on healthcare sector different countries, including Iran. Long-standing against Iran escalated recently and severely limited commercial activities with The devastating consequences these embargoes affected all aspects health care delivery in Iran, limiting availability critical medicines medical devices, negatively impacting primary car...

This paper focuses on constructions of research ethics by primary care physicians in the USA as they engage in contract research for the pharmaceutical industry. Drawing first on historical studies of physicians as investigators and then on 12 months of qualitative fieldwork in the Southwestern US, this paper analyzes the shifting, contextualized ethics that shape physicians' relationships with...