BACKGROUND Inequality in households' payments on food and health expenditures presents the accessibility and utilization patterns between them. This study investigated the Iranian rural and urban households' inequality in payments on food and Out-of-Pocket health expenditures from 1998 to 2012. METHODS This descriptive study was conducted through the analysis of Iranian Statistics Centre data...

On March 9th, 2011, the eminent scholar of Iranian studies, historian, bibliographer, Persian manuscript expert, journalist, biographer and writer, Iraj Afshar passed away at the age of 85 in Tehran. His demise was a great loss to Iranian culture. He edited or wrote around 300 books in various fields of Iranian studies, including the history of medicine in Iran and published more than 2000 pape...

Background: It is well recognized that different patients respond in different ways to medications. The inter-individual variations are greater than the intera-individual variations, a finding consistent with the notion that inheritance is a determinant of drug responses. The recent identification of genetic polymorphisms in drug-metabolizing enzymes and drug transporters led to the hypothesis ...

This study examined the effects of racial discrimination, community violence, and stressful life events on internalizing problems among African American youth from high-poverty neighborhoods (N = 607; 293 boys; Mage = 16.0 years, SD = 1.44 years). Mediated effects via externalizing problems on these relations were also examined, given the high comorbidity rate between internalizing and external...

In this study we explored the most important topics of acculturation experiences among Iranian refugees in the Netherlands, using the Self-Confrontation Method (Hermans & Hermans-Jansen, 1995). We discussed the Dialogical Self Theory reffering to the multiple selves of people who have to deal with different cultures. Ewing (1990) and Hermans and Kempen (1993) argued that a person could have con...

BACKGROUND Little is known about the features of Iranian nursing journals, specifically the subject areas used in articles, study designs, sampling methods, international collaboration of Iranian nursing scholars, specialty and academic rank of authors, and the most frequently contributing academic institutions in articles. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to analyze the content of the ar...

The history of kidney and urologic disorders dates back to the dawn of civilization. Throughout history of medicine, urine, the first bodily fluid to be examined, has continuously been studied as a means of understanding inner bodily function. The purpose of this review was to appraise the contributions of the ancient Iranian physician pioneers in the field of kidney and urological disorders, a...