The long-term co-evolution of the geosphere–biospere complex from the Proterozoic up to 1.5 billion years into the planet’s future is investigated using a conceptual earth system model including the basic geodynamic processes. The model focusses on the global carbon cycle as mediated by life and driven by increasing solar luminosity and plate tectonics. The main 2 sink, the weathering of silica...

The evolution of building codes typically produce design provisions that are expected to create safer and more accurate designs. We as engineers expect building codes to advance the state of the art with each successive edition. The 2009 International Building Code (IBC) and the Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-08) have significant revisions affecting the design of ti...

ABSTRACT The Pieniny Geodynamic Test Field is situated in the middle of region between Inner and Outer Carpathians. research conducted past Klippen Belt (PKB) were suggestive neotectonic activity. goal investigation was to determine whether nearby structures, Podhale Flysh (FP) Magura Nappe (MN), are affected by activity PKB. study ascertain velocity direction motion stations close Field’s 3 ma...

The particle-in-cell method is generally considered a flexible and robust method to model the geodynamic problems with chemical heterogeneity. However, velocity interpolation from grid points to particle locations is often performed without considering the divergence of the velocity field, which can lead to significant particle dispersion or clustering if those particles move through regions of...

Computer models of mantle convection constrained by the history of Cenozoic and Mesozoic plate motions explain some deep-mantle structural heterogeneity imaged by seismic tomography, especially those related to subduction. They also reveal a 150-million-year time scale for generating thermal heterogeneity in the mantle, comparable to the record of plate motion reconstructions, so that the probl...

Nationwide implementation of Family Physician (FP) program started in 2005 and targeted almost 25,000,000 citizens residing in rural areas and cities with less than 20,000 populations in Iran. Despite its blatant initiation that resulted in some modest achievements, the future of FP looks unclear in Iran. Thus far, no longitudinal evaluation of the implementation and impact of FP program has be...

M. Shourian S. Jamshid Mousavi (corresponding author) School of Civil Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran E-mail: [email protected] M. B. Menhaj School of Electrical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran E. Jabbari Department of Civil Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran H...