information systems (is) and the process of distinguishing information systems ontology have been the center of challenge during the 50 years of is development. the importance of this challenge is emergent in direct link between knowledge development process in is and the is ontology. in other words, theorizing and efforts to falsify theories, which have been developed, is influenced by the way...

Realism Philosophic realism in general is defined by Phillips (1987, p. 205) as " the view that entities exist independently of being perceived, or independently of our theories about them. " Schwandt adds that " scientific realism is the view that theories refer to real features of the world. 'Reality' here refers to whatever it is in the universe (i.e., forces, structures, and so on) that cau...

Arti cial intelligence has contributed fundamentally to our understanding of reasoning and communication processes, and especially their limits. These insights have deep implications for issues in jurisprudence which depend on a model of `correct' reasoning and argumentation, such as theories of the separation of powers and judicial discretion. Some of these implications are explored in this pa...

Keynesianism is a form of neoclassical liberalism which distinguishes itself from contemporary neo-liberalism by a higher realism regarding the limits of its theoretical analysis of unemployment. However, both Neoclassicals and Keynesians think it possible, after an accurate diagnose of the problem, to find out the appropiate recipees to cure unemployment in the framework of the capitalist syst...

The notion and applicability of ethics in the public sphere have become a relatively obscure matter with prevailing incursion political secularism. functioning model contemporary polity leads us to believe that play no role politics, whether at national or international levels. Ethics is not predominant concept leading relations theories, such as realism liberalism. Pacing these for which power...

A general insight of 20th-century philosophy of science is that the acceptance of a scientific theory is grounded, not merely on a theory’s relation to data, but on its status as having no, or being superior to its, competitors. I explore the ways in which scientific realists might be thought to utilise this insight, have in fact utilised it, and can legitimately utilise it. In more detail, I p...

We show that quantum mechanics predicts a contradiction with local hidden variable theories for photon number measurements which have limited resolving power, to the point of imposing an uncertainty in the photon number result which is macroscopic in absolute terms. We show how this can be interpreted as a failure of a new premise, macroscopic local realism. Bell [1] in 1966 showed that the pre...

Scientific realism involves two key claims. First, science aims primarily at truth. Second, we can justifiably believe that our successful scientific theories achieve, or at least approximate, this aim. The contemporary scientific realism debate turns on the acceptability of these claims. To acquire a more robust picture of scientific realism, let us identify some of the related theses on which...

This paper investigates the nature of scientific realism. I begin by considering the anomalous fact that Bas van Fraassen’s account of scientific realism is strikingly similar to Arthur Fine’s account of scientific non-realism. To resolve this puzzle, I demonstrate how the two theorists understand the nature of truth and its connection to ontology, and how that informs their conception of the r...