CHEST, 74: 6, DECEMBER, 1978 pulmonary capillary wedge pressure to normal by increasing extramural pressure. So for us, therapy with IPPV and PEEP usually influences the pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, especially when the central blood volume varies from normal; thus, the interest and limits of the “weaning test” are clearly defined. In some cases, therapy with artificial ventilation does n...

CHEST, 74: 6, DECEMBER, 1978 pulmonary capillary wedge pressure to normal by increasing extramural pressure. So for us, therapy with IPPV and PEEP usually influences the pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, especially when the central blood volume varies from normal; thus, the interest and limits of the “weaning test” are clearly defined. In some cases, therapy with artificial ventilation does n...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate risk factors for fatal neonatal sepsis. DESIGN Prospective study. SETTING Referral neonatal unit of a teaching hospital. SUBJECTS 171 neonates admitted with sepsis. METHODS Clinical examination and investigations on the day of admission were recorded and the neonates followed up to determine the final outcome. RESULTS The overall fatality was 48.5%. In the univar...

Damage to the trachea produced in dogs by large and small residual volume cuffs during 6 h of IPPV was compared using a specially designed endotracheal tube. The cuffs under evaluation were adjusted to exert similar average pressures on the tracheal wall, so that many of the variables believed responsible for tracheal injury were controlled. The true compliance of the cuff was measured with the...

At present, exogenous surfactant replacement therapy and mechanical ventilation (MV) remain the ‘Standard of Care’ while treating such infants. However, this requires endotracheal intubation – an invasive procedure associated with complications. Moreover, the skills required to intubate very small babies are not universally available and may vary among the healthcare professionals even in devel...

Oxprenolol is a non-selective adrenergic beta-receptor antagonist displaying beta-mimetic activity. To test the hypothesis that beta-mimetic activity could minimize the response of the circulation to adrenergic beta-receptor blockade, cumulative dose-response curves to oxprenolol 0.1-1.6 mg kg-1 were obtained in seven anaesthetized dogs. Anaesthesia was maintained with 0.5% halothane supplement...

Ninety patients (age range 49--99 yr) with a fracture of the neck of the femur were anaesthetized by a technique using halothane in oxygen in a closed circuit, halothane and 66% nitrous oxide in oxygen in a Magill circuit or artificial ventilation with 66% nitrous oxide in oxygen ("IPPV group"). In all three groups, there was a small decrease in PaO2 from an overall mean of 9.07 kPa before oper...

W e report the combined use of a Fogarty catheter (FC), a 3.5-mm fiberoptic bronchoscope (FOB), and a 6.0 endotracheal tube (ETT) to intubate the lower trachea of a patient with a primary upperand midtracheal tumor causing a 66% stenosis of the tracheal lumen at the level of the thoracic inlet. Initially, the 6.0 ETT, with the FOB and the FC fed to its tip, was placed above the tumor and rotate...

The use of laryngeal mask airway (LMA) as an alternative to the endotracheal tube (ETT) is becoming more popular in the practice of anesthesia. It is undeniable that this device has numerous advantages over endotracheal tube, however it does not provide an airtight seal between the airway and atmospheric gases. This may lead to pollution of the operating room environment with nitrous oxide. One...

Early and successful extubation prevents several morbidities in preterm newborns. Several secondary non-invasive respiratory modalities exist but with their merits demerits. Given the benefits of nasal high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (nHFOV), we tried to examine whether nHFOV could reduce reintubation rates compared intermittent positive pressure (NIPPV) during post-extubation phase infa...