Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) has been hypothesized to elicit ergogenic effects by reducing feedback from metabolically sensitive group III/IV muscle afferents during exercise. If so, reflex efferent neural outflow should be attenuated. We investigated the effects of IPC on muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) during static handgrip (SHG) and used post-exercise circulatory occlusion (PECO)...

BACKGROUND Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is associated with intestinal microbial dysbiosis. The "gut-liver axis" closely links gut function and liver function in health and disease. Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) has been proven to reduce I/R injury in the surgery. This study aims to explore the effect of IPC on intestinal microbiota and to analyze characteristics of microbial structure shi...

Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) is a potent renoprotective strategy which has not yet been translated successfully into clinical practice, in spite of promising results in animal studies. We performed a unique systematic review and meta-analysis of animal studies to identify factors modifying IPC efficacy in renal ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI), in order to enhance the design of future (clini...

PURPOSE The efficiency of ischemic postconditioning (IPC) was evaluated in a rat model of ischemic liver. Concentration of survivin of liver tissue correlated with the degree of antiapoptosis, so survivin was estimated to evaluate the efficiency of IPC on ischemic reperfusion (IR) injury. METHODS Twenty-four healthy rats were divided to three groups (SHAM, IR, and IPC). Rats in the SHAM group...

Sphingolipids are ubiquitous and essential components of eukaryotic membranes, particularly the plasma membrane. The biosynthetic pathway for the formation of these lipid species is conserved up to the formation of sphinganine. However, a divergence is apparent in the synthesis of complex sphingolipids. In animal cells, ceramide is a substrate for sphingomyelin (SM) production via the enzyme SM...

BACKGROUND Improving behaviour in infection prevention and control (IPC) practice remains a challenge, and understanding the determinants of healthcare workers' (HCWs) behaviour is fundamental to develop effective and sustained behaviour change interventions. AIM To identify behaviours of HCWs that facilitated non-compliance with IPC practices, focusing on how appraisals of IPC duties and soc...

The World Intellectual Property Organization is currently developing a system for assisting users in categorizing patent documents in the International Patent Classification (IPC). The system should support the classification of documents in several languages and aims to assist users in locating relevant IPC symbols by providing them with a convenient web-based service. The approach taken for d...

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to compare debulking surgery and cytoreductive surgery (CRS) in patients with Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) regarding efficacy and safety. PATIENTS AND METHODS Data were extracted from medical records and treatment outcomes were analyzed for all 152 patients with PMP who were scheduled for debulking surgery and intraperitoneal chemotherapy (IPC) or CRS and ...

PURPOSE To determine whether ischemic preconditioning (IPC) upregulates certain retinal survival factors and to assess the protective effect of retinal IPC against light-induced photoreceptor degeneration. METHODS Albino rats underwent IPC induced by raising the intraocular pressure in one eye to 120 mm Hg for 5 minutes. The fellow eye underwent sham treatment. Basic fibroblast growth factor ...

Recent studies demonstrated that brief period of Ca2+ depletion and repletion (Ca2+ preconditioning, CPC) has strong protective effects against ischemia in a rat heart. CPC and classic preconditioning (IPC) were compared in relation with infarct size and protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes. Isolated Langendorff-perfused rabbit hearts were subjected to 45-min ischemia (Isc) followed by 120-min reper...