Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) analyzes chemical information by measuring ions generated via bombardment of an energetic ion beam on the surface of a specimen. Negative hydrocarbon ion species of C2nH are ubiquitous in TOF-SIMS for any hydrocarbon-containing materials, but their utilities are perhaps not fully explored. Using polyethylene, polypropylene, polyisoprene,...

For a weakly collisional two-ion species plasma, it is shown that the minimum phase velocity of ion acoustic waves (IAWs) at the sheath-presheath boundary is equal to twice the phase velocity in the bulk plasma. This condition provides a theoretical basis for the experimental results that each ion species leaves the plasma with a drift velocity equal to the IAW phase velocity in the bulk plasma...

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Salinity is one of the most important abiotic stresses that limit crop growth and production. Salt stress influences plants in two ways: by affecting ion toxicity and increasing osmotic stress. Ion homeostasis, the excretion of Na+ and using antioxidant systems are the major strategies of salt tolerance in plants. Na+ and K+ transporters with enzymes that are involved in detoxification of react...

The Poisson-Nernst-Planck (PNP) model is based on a mean-field approximation of ion interactions and continuum descriptions of concentration and electrostatic potential. It provides qualitative explanation and increasingly quantitative predictions of experimental measurements for the ion transport problems in many areas such as semiconductor devices, nanofluidic systems, and biological systems,...

the ion_ osmoregulation and salinity tolerance capabilities of juvenile acipenser persicus of different age and size groups with 90 fry for each treatment in freshwater (fw :< 0.5 ‰), estuary water (ew: 9.5 ‰) and the caspian sea water (csw: 12.5 ‰) were investigated. the fishes are directly transferred from fw to ew and csw. the possible repercussions of ion_osmoregulatory processes on some cl...

in the present study, the interactions of three different lithium species li+, li3+ and ch3li with several different sites of the most stable tautomers of dna nucleo-bases are presented. this investigation is based on the results of thermochemical properties, quantum theory of atoms in molecules (qtaim) and natural bond orbital (nbo) analysis, obtained at b3lyp/6-311++g(d,p) level of theory. th...

A complex plasma medium (containing Cairns nonthermal electron, adiabatically warm inertial ion, and stationary positively charged dust (PCD) species (making a system very complex) is considered. The effects of PCD species, electron adiabatic ion-temperature on ion-acoustic (IA) solitary waves (SWs) double layers (DLs) are investigated by the pseudo-potential approach, which valid for arbitrary...

In this Letter we report measurements of collective Thomson scattering (CTS) spectra with clear signatures of ion Bernstein waves and ion cyclotron motion in tokamak plasmas. The measured spectra are in accordance with theoretical predictions and show clear sensitivity to variation in the density ratio of the main ion species in the plasma. Measurements with this novel diagnostic demonstrate th...