Steroidal sapogenins bearing a good leaving group at C23 undergo a completely stereospecific rearrangement under a variety of conditions via a mechanism involving neighboring-group participation by the acetal oxygen atom in the departure of the nucleofuge from C23. The reactions of equatorial (23S)-23-bromo- or (23S)-23-tosyloxyspirostanes with either the alpha (25R) or beta (25S) oriented 25-m...

The efficacy of subcutaneous, intramuscular and intraperitoneal inoculation of heartwater infective blood or nymph suspensions was tested in 5 experiments involving a total of 199 sheep. The success rate of subcutaneous injections varied greatly (0-100%) in the different groups. However, it was found that certain additives to the inoculum, such as dimethyl sulphoxide or uninfective brain tissue...

In this work, biomass torrefaction was combined with coal co-combustion to illustrate the differences in performance and mechanisms of migration transformation nitrogen over entire course thermal treatments. XPS analysis illustrated that CO2 suppressed conversion pyrrole-N (N-5) quaternary-N (N-Q), whereas trend for an O2 atmosphere moved opposite direction. During co-combustion, impact on NO e...

BACKGROUND School recess before lunch (e.g., reverse recess) has been suggested as a means to improve dietary intake and classroom behavior but limited research explores this school-based policy. This pilot study tests the impact of recess scheduling on dietary intake at school lunch. METHODS A mixed methods approach included assessment of dietary intake assessed by measured plate waste on fi...

This account places a particular emphasis on recent progress in the theory and its applications of nonadiabatic electron dynamics chemical science. After brief description fundamental relevance breakdown Born-Oppenheimer approximation, we show examples our extensive systematic application to highlight significance necessity beyond-Born-Oppenheimer chemistry. The subjects presented herewith cove...

In this PhD, we present some algorithms and complexity results for two general problems that arise in the analysis of a metabolic network: the search for elementary modes of a network and the search for minimal precursors sets. Elementary modes is a common tool in the study of the cellular characteristic of a metabolic network. An elementary mode can be seen as a minimal set of reactions that c...