Interventions in global health utilizing overseas aid budgets have increasingly been characterized by a narrative of investment. This paper argues that in order to understand what makes a global health investment and its return on investment, we need detailed consideration of the financial, policy and advocacy work through which they are accomplished. Calculative devices, standards and protocol...

Economic growth is determined by the supply and demand of investment capital; technology determines the demand for capital, while human nature determines the supply. The supply curve has two distinct parts, giving the world economy two distinct modes. In the familiar slow growth mode, rates of return are limited by human discount rates. In the fast growth mode, investment is limited by the worl...

this research applies and compares the market leverage lally method, ibbotson and sinquefield method and siegel method, to present alternative measures for market risk premium (mrp) estimation and test forecasting power of these methods in calculating expected rate of return. the higher level of leverage implies greater risk of investment in a specified stock, so higher return is expected by in...

The performance of country exchange-traded funds and closed-end funds is investigated over the 2002 to 2011 period. Operating characteristics (i.e., expense ratios and portfolio turnover) and investment results (i.e., return, risk, and risk-adjusted return) are studied for investment funds with at least ten years of data. We find that although exchange-traded funds have significantly lower expe...

net returns is frequently discounted into perpetuity to evaluate a real estate investment alternative. The concept of expected net returns represents Capital budgeting literature suggests a number of an attempt to recognize the probabilistic nature of approaches to evaluating alternative investments. annual net returns for an investment under conditions However, use of concepts such as the payb...

The authors gauged the return-generating potential of four investment strategies: value weighted, 60/40 fixed mix, and unlevered and levered risk parity. They report three main findings: (1) Even over periods lasting decades, the start and end dates of a backtest can have a material effect on results; (2) transaction costs can reverse ranking, especially if leverage is used; and (3) a statistic...

In this paper we provide a model which describes how voluntary disclosure impacts on the timing of a firm’s investment decisions. A manager chooses a time to invest in a project and a time to disclose the investment return in order to maximise his monetary payoff. We assume that this payoff is linked to the level of the firm’s stock price. Prior to investing, the profitability of the project an...

The successful adoption of Financial Account Aggregation requires a careful analysis of the business model. The business model must be defined in a way that provides value to both customers and financial institutions. This paper identifies business models for adoption of Account Aggregation technology; proposes a method for calculating the return on investment related to the adoption of this te...

Profitability and investment are becoming the new focus of empirical asset pricing. This paper examines the extent to which their return predictability is attributable to behavioral bias, specifically, investors’ tendency to anchor on 52-week high. Based on a return decomposition methodology developed by George, Hwang, and Li (2014), two profitability measures (operating profitability, return o...

Quantitative and systems pharmacology concepts and tools are the foundation of the model-informed drug development paradigm at Merck for integrating knowledge, enabling decisions, and enhancing submissions. Rigorous prioritization of modeling and simulation activities has enabled key drug development decisions and led to a high return on investment through significant cost avoidance. Critical f...