Awake intubation with fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) is a popular technique in patients with difficult intubation criteria. Preservation of spontaneous respiration by nasotracheal intubation with FOB accompanied by sedation was performed in a case assessed as difficult intubation due to a high Mallampati score at preoperative evaluation and the presence of a mass extending to the oral cavity. Fo...

BACKGROUND This section is under preparation and will be included in the next issue. OBJECTIVES The purpose of the review was to compare the complications associated with intubation by the nasal route with those associated with intubation by the oral route for mechanical ventilation in newborn infants. SEARCH STRATEGY The standard search strategy of the Neonatal Review Group as outlined in ...

Nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) is a widely accepted technique of non-invasive respiratory support in spontaneously-breathing premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Surfactant administration techniques compatible with nCPAP ventilation strategy are actively investigated. Our aim is to set up and validate a respiratory distress animal model that can be mana...

Extubation failure, or the need for reintubation within 24–72 hours of extubation, occurs in up to 25% of critically ill patients. Extubation failure is associated with a markedly increased morbidity and mortality, including duration of mechanical ventilation, intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital stay, the need for post-acute-care hospitalization, and the need for tracheostomy.1,2 The most co...

INTRODUCTION Acute laryngeal lesions after intubation appear to be precursors of chronic lesions. OBJECTIVE To describe the incidence and type of acute laryngeal lesions after extubation in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). METHODS A cohort study involving children from birth to <5 years, submitted to intubation for more than 24h in the PICU of an university hospital. In the first eig...

Oral endotracheal intubation and extubation are two routine procedures performed by anesthesia providers which could lead to breaches of mucosal integrity and slight or moderate bleeding, thereby providing a vector for transmission of a blood-borne disease. This study was designed to determine the incidence of occult or overt blood in the oral and pharyngeal areas during the intubation and extu...

Introduction: Post-operative sore throat and cough are common complications of endotracheal intubation. These conditions may be very distressing for the patient and may lead to unpleasant memories. This study was performed in order to determine whether beclomethasone and lidocaine spray could reduce the frequency of post-operative sore throat and hoarseness after tracheal extubation.  Materials...

Intubation of the airway can lead to laryngotracheal injury, resulting in extubation failure from upper airway obstruction (UAO). A number of factors can help to identify patients who are at greatest risk for postextubation UAO. Three randomized controlled trials demonstrate that prophylactic corticosteroids decrease the risk for postextubation UAO and probably the need for re-intubation.

A tracheal intubation-related tracheobronchial rupture is a relatively rare complication. We report a case of tracheobronchial rupture after single lumen endotracheal intubation. Twenty four hours after extubation of an endotracheal tube, subcutaneous emphysema developed on the patient's neck. A pneumomediastinum was also detected by computerized tomography (CT). The patient recovered uneventfu...