Irrigation has a considerable influence on land surface energy and water budgets. Irrigation-related processes partitioning, planetary boundary layer, temperature, evapotranspiration, runoff. However, observations related to irrigation its hydrology climate are limited. Among the limited available, most from field scale experiments that do not provide information regional impacts of irrigation....

[1] Accurate representation of surface energy partitioning is crucial for studying land surface processes and the climatic influence of land cover and land use change using coupled climate-land surface models. A critical question for these models, especially for newly coupled ones, is whether they can adequately distinguish differences in surface energy partitioning among different vegetation t...

We present evidence that land use practices in the plains of Colorado influence regional climate and vegetation in adjacent natural areas in the Rocky Mountains in predictable ways. Mesoscale climate model simulations using the Colorado State University Regional Atmospheric Modelling System (RAMS) projected that modifications to natural vegetation in the plains, primarily due to agriculture and...

We examine processes that influence North Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies including surface heat fluxes, upper ocean mixing, thermocline variability, ocean currents, and tropical-extratropical interactions via the atmosphere and ocean. The ocean integrates rapidly varying atmospheric heat flux and wind forcing, and thus a stochastic model of the climate system, where white noise...

(SST) products currently available from the series of (Advanced) Along Track Scanning Radiometers, or (A)ATSRs, are found have small biases on regional scales (typically up to 0.3 K) and excellent error statistics in validation (~0.25 K or better). Long-term stability is at present poorly characterized. Work towards " version 3 " SSTs is under way within a project called (A)RC: (A)ATSR Re-analy...

metallic nanoparticles can exhibit very large optical extinction in the visible spectrum due to localized surface plasmon resonance. spherical plasmonic nanoparticles have been the subject of numerous studies in recent years due to the fact that the scattering response of spheres can be analytically evaluated using mie theory. however a major disadvantage of metallic spherical nanoparticles is ...

Projections of future climate are determined by a wide array of detailed and imperfectly understood physical processes. While ensembles of global climate model (GCM) simulations can be run to sample the resulting uncertainties, statistical tools are needed to supplement these simulations, and hence provide a more comprehensive picture of how interactions between different processes influence th...

In cylindrical cells growing throughout their length, over-all transverse reinforcement of the wall by microfibrils is believed to be required for cell elongation. The multinet theory states that in such cells microfibrils are deposited at the inner surface of the wall with transverse orientation and are then passively reoriented toward the longitudinal direction by the predominant longitudinal...

a r t i c l e i n f o Green leaf phenology is known to be sensitive to climate variation. Phenology is also important because it exerts significant control on terrestrial carbon cycling and sequestration. High-quality measurements of green leaf phenology are therefore increasingly important for understanding the effects of climate change on ecosystem function and biosphere–atmosphere interactio...