why some learners are willing to communicate in english, concurrently others are not, has been an intensive investigation in l2 education. willingness to communicate (wtc) proposed as initiating to communicate while given a choice has recently played a crucial role in l2 learning. it was hypothesized that wtc would be associated with language learning orientations (llos) as well as social suppo...

the application of a comprehensive model of communicative language ability (cla) to language teaching and testing has always been an imperative in l2 education since hymess proposal of communicative competence in the 1970s. recent l2 research has clearly underscored the importance of sufficient pragmatics representation as an essential component of cla in pedagogical and testing practices in l2...

در این مقاله سعی دارم نشان دهم که رورتی هرچند همانند کانت فیلسوف اخلاق محسوب نمی­شود، ولی با این حال فلسفۀ اخلاقی دارد که باید آن را جدی گرفت. رورتی به نحو نظام­مند با مسائل اخلاقی درگیر نمی­شود آنطور که فیلسوفان مدرن و معاصر درگیرند. این مقاله دو بخش دارد: بخش نخست با مبانی فلسفۀ رورتی مثل ضد ماهیت باوری، داروین­گرایی، فرویدگرایی و تاریخ­گرایی سروکار دارد. بخش دوم که تا حدودی مفصل است، بسیاری ...

in this thesis,spin dependend transport and electron transport through of ng/sg(graphene/ superconductor graphen) are studied in the junction of ng/fgt/sg. due to andreev reflection conductance increases in the presence of superconductor graphene.also, by applying a voltage gate on a superconductor, fermi level shifts and the conductance is independent of ferromagnatic substrate. also, the cond...

gol-e-gohar iron ore mine of sirjan in southern part of iran is a large open pit that operates below the groundwater table and during mining operation, dewatering is required to prevent operation processes from flooding. current operation is going on by digging wells in or out of the pit and pumping to prevent flooding. as a result of the former dewatering operation a vast deep cone of depressi...

the present research has been deducted from a provincial research project which aims at determining the relationship of variables of variables of occupational self-concept, intelligence beliefs and metacognitive with entrepreneurship among the students of payame noor university of kurdistan. the volume of the samples was 1080 students (576 female and 504 male students). the research methodology...

abstract global financial crisis has created too many problems in relations among governments. among these problems, the issue of global monetary management, more than every time in the past four decades, has been moved in the center of international economic attentions. a problem which is specially known with the monetary hostility between united states and public republic of china. where ar...