Basilar impression is a skeletal malformation characterized by translocation of the upper cervical spine and clivus into the foramen magnum, giving rise to various symptoms related to brainstem, upper spinal cord, and cerebellar compression. It is generally classified as primary (familial), in which the defect is unaccompanied by intrinsic abnormalities of bone, or as secondary, reflecting an i...

General intelligence requires open-ended exploratory learning. The principle of compression progress proposes that agents should derive intrinsic reward from maximizing “interestingness”, the first derivative of compression progress over the agent’s history. Schmidhuber posits that such a drive can explain “essential aspects of ... curiosity, creativity, art, science, music, [and] jokes”, imply...

This document presents a technique based on the JBIG algorithm for binary shape coding in both lossless and lossy modes. Because it is applied directly to the bitmap representing the shape information, it bypasses the overhead in computation of an intermediate contour representation and its associated conversions. This leads to a simpler algorithm which is more suitable for a larger class of sh...

Internal stability of isotropic nonlinear elastic materials under homogeneous deformation is studied. Results provide new insight into various intrinsic stability measures, first proposed elsewhere, for generic nonlinear elastic solids. Three intrinsic stability criteria involving three different tangent elastic stiffness matrices are considered, corresponding to respective increments in strain...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Acute markers of spinal cord injury are essential for both diagnostic and prognostic purposes. The goal of this study was to assess the relationship between early MR imaging biomarkers after acute cervical spinal cord injury and to evaluate their predictive validity of neurologic impairment. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a retrospective cohort study of 95 patients ...

The introduction of both new surgical devices and reengineered existing devices leads to modifications in the way traditional tasks are carried out and allows for the development of new surgical techniques. Each new device has benefits and limitations in regards to tissue interactions that, if known, allow for optimal use. However, most surgeons are unaware of these attributes and, therefore, n...

The simple but general formal theory of fun & intrinsic motivation & creativity (1990-) is based on the concept of maximizing intrinsic reward for the active creation or discovery of novel, surprising patterns allowing for improved prediction or data compression. It generalizes the traditional field of active learning, and is related to old but less formal ideas in aesthetics theory and develop...

We introduce Kolmogorov Complexity measures as a way of extracting structural information from texts for Intrinsic Plagiarism Detection. Kolmogorov complexity measures have been used as features in a variety of machine learning tasks including image recognition, radar signal classification, EEG classification, DNA analysis, speech recognition and some text classification tasks (Chi and Kong, 19...

A sequence of one-dimensional geometric descriptions is suggested, for representing the contours of text characters (blobs) in black and white scanned textual images. This representation can be used to analytically encode alphabets of similar blobs into pseudo-fonts that are resolution independent, while simultaneously maximizing compression potential. Such a sequential one-dimensional represen...

We present a technique to compress data de ned as functions in high dimensional spaces. The objects in the spaces are represented by manifolds. Traditionally, data compression methods have been applied to functions de ned on simple manifolds such as the real line (e.g., audio), a rectangle (e.g., images), or a three{dimensional open{ended box (e.g., video). However, many conventional data compr...