introduction : confirmation of proper endotracheal tube placement is one of the most important and lifesaving issues of tracheal intubation. the present study was aimed to evaluate the accuracy of tracheal ultrasonography by emergency residents in this regard.   method : this was a prospective, cross sectional study for evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography in endotracheal tube ...

background: endotracheal suctioning (ets) is one of the most common supportive measures in intensive care units (icu). ets may be associated with complications including hypoxia and tachycardia. closed system suctioning (css) decreases the rate of cardiorespiratory complication mainly due to continuation of ventilatory support and oxygenation during procedure. css has questionable efficacy, the...

Stroke-induced immunosuppression contributes to the development of stroke-associated pneumonia (SAP). Experiments in mice demonstrated that apoptosis IFN-γ producing cells and reduced secretion resulted impaired immune responses after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo). In present study, we investigated efficacy intratracheal treatment prevent SAP modest benefits on pulmonary cytokine resp...