The incidence of epidural needle-induced post-dural puncture headache (PDPH) in parturients following dural puncture with a large bore (18-gauge) needle has been reported to range 76-85%. We describe seven cases in which the performance of epidural anesthesia in parturients was complicated by an unintentional dural puncture with an 18-gauge epidural needle. In all seven cases, the unintentional...

The blockade of spin& glycine receptors with intrathecal strychnine produces a reversible allodynia-like state in the rat. Thus, hair deflection, in the presence of intrahecal strychmine, induces cardiovascular and motor withdrawal responses comparable with those evoked by noxious thermal, mechanical, or chemical stimulation in the absence of strychnine. Bn the present study, we mapped the cuta...

INTRODUCTION Status dystonicus is a rare but life-threatening disorder characterized by increasingly frequent and severe episodes of generalized dystonia that may occur in patients with primary or secondary dystonia. Painful and repetitive spasms interfere with respiration and may cause metabolic disturbances such as hyperpyrexia, dehydration, respiratory insufficiency, and acute renal failure ...

There is an ongoing struggle to develop efficient drug delivery and targeting methods within the central nervous system. One technique known as intrathecal drug delivery, involves direct drug infusion into the spinal canal and has become standard practice for treating many central nervous system diseases due to reduced systemic toxicity from the drug bypassing the blood-brain barrier. Although ...

tranexamic acid is generally used in the treatment of disorders that predispose one to bleeding. it is a synthetic lysine analog that has strong antifibrinolytic activity. plasminogen binds to fibrin to form plasmin, which in turn degrades fibrin into fibrin degradation products. tranexamic acid blocks the lysine binding site on plasminogen and prevents interaction with fibrin. tranexamic acid ...