Our paper studies linear temporal (with UNTIL and NEXT) logic based at a conception of intransitive time. non-transitive time. In particular, we demonstrate how the notion of knowledge might be represented in such a framework (here we consider logical operation N and the operation until U (actually, the time overall) to be directed to past). The basic mathematical problems we study are the fund...

We extend Approval voting to the settings where voters may have intransitive preferences. The major obstacle to applying Approval voting in these settings is that voters are not able to clearly determine who they should approve or disapprove, due to the intransitivity of their preferences. An approach to address this issue is to apply tournament solutions to help voters make the decision. We st...

The Unaccusativity Hypothesis (UH) holds that intransitive verbs are divided into two broad classes, namely unaccusatives and unergatives. While there is evidence that the UH holds cross-linguistically, it is known that languages do not divide the intransitives into two uniform groups. We investigate the unaccusative-unergative distinction in Turkish by an offline grammaticality judgment task u...

Intransitive communities, those in which species' abilities cannot be ranked in a hierarchy, have been the focus of theoretical and empirical research, as intransitivity could help explain the maintenance of biodiversity. Here we show that models for intransitive competition embedding slightly different interaction rules can produce opposite patterns. In particular, we find that interactions in...

In this work, we introduce an information-theoretic based correction term to the likelihood ratio classification method for multiple classes. Under certain conditions, the term is sufficient for optimally correcting the difference between the true and estimated likelihood ratio, and we analyze this in the Gaussian case. We find that the new correction term significantly improves the classificat...

L1 transfer is generally regarded as an important characteristic of L2 acquisition, also one of the sources of learners’ errors. One of the primary transfer between English and Chinese lies in the verb usage since verbs that are transitive in Chinese may be intransitive in English, or vice versa. In the previous studies, the investigation on the syntactic transfer in verb transitivity is only o...

Recently, internationalization and the spread of the Internet are increasing our chances of participating in intercultural and multilingual collaborations. This trend increases the number of multilingual groups where the native languages of the members differ and increases the demand for machine translation (MT) between non-English languages. However, because of the limited availability of such...