BACKGROUND Ubiquitination is a reversible process of posttranslational protein modification through the action of the family of deubiquitylating enzymes which contain ubiquitin-specific protease 9x (USP9X). Recent evidence indicates that USP9X is involved in the progression of various human cancers. The aim was to detect the expression of USP9X in the progression from normal epithelium to invas...

sists, given the wide geographic variations in practice standards. This is especially true regarding the use of radiation therapy, in particular for patients with small, low-grade DCIS. The use of radiation therapy in these patients will interfere with any future uses of radiation therapy if and when they develop a true mammary carcinoma. On the other hand, if the designation of ‘carcinoma’ wer...

Vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia III, is a relatively rare disease. Consequently standard treatments for this disease were not established until recently. Although several convenient methods, such as laser ablation, 5-fluorouracil topical injection, and radiation therapy, have been applied for treating these lesions, surgical treatments, including vaginectomy, have not yet been attempted, as t...

During 18 months 237 colposcopies were performed on 227 patients in the department of genitourinary medicine, Sheffield. Histological evidence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia was found in 118 patients (52%), of whom 104 (88%) were aged under 35, 93 (79%) under 30, and 64 (54%) under 25. Most were treated with local destructive treatment, only five (4%) requiring cone biopsy. Colposcopy in...

Objective: Cervical cancer is caused by human papilloma virus (HPV) infection, and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) a precancerous lesion. Common treatments for CIN are conization laser vaporization. HPV testing useful predicting residual or recurrent disease after surgical treatment. We performed high-risk (HR-HPV) genotyping postoperatively to examine the positivity rate determine whe...

Esophageal cancer is the sixth most common cause of cancer death in the world [1]. Over 80% of esophageal cancers occur in developing countries [1], and in these areas, 90% of these cancers are esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) [2]. The precursor lesion of ESCC is squamous intraepithelial neoplasia (squamous dysplasia), defined histologically as nuclear atypia (enlargement, pleomorphism...

(Abstracted from BJOG 2021;128:504–514) Premalignant lesions such as cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) can develop into cancer through a slow process taking up to 30 years initial high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) infection. Primary hrHPV DNA testing has superior sensitivity compared with cytology and high negative predictive value for high-grade CIN or worse (CIN2+).