BACKGROUND Elevated intracranial pressure is one of the most common problems in patients with diverse intracranial disorders, leading to increased morbidity and mortality. Effective management for increased intracranial pressure is based mainly on surgical and medical techniques with hyperosmolar therapy as one of the core medical treatments. The study aimed to explore the effects of continuous...

A comatose 23-year-old woman with acute liver failure due to an overdose of acetaminophen had indications of intracranial hypertension and underwent liver transplantation. Her level of arousal did not improve, and on postoperative day 1, clinical signs of cerebral herniation became apparent. An intracranial pressure monitor was placed, and intracranial hypertension was documented. Elevations in...

After closure of the cranial fontanelles and sutures by 2 to 3 years of age, the skull is a rigid container of fixed volume. The intracranial contents constitute the brain bulk (80%), blood volume (10%), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (10%). According to the Monro-Kellie doctrine, intracranial volume is equal to the volume of the brain bulk, blood, CSF, and other mass lesions. Therefore, an incr...

Brain injury is the result of both primary and secondary damage, yielded by a complex range of factors including ischemia, biochemical changes and inflammatory cascade. Secondary brain injury may be caused by systemic or intracranial mechanisms including oligaemia due to low cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) or increased cerebral vascular resistance (vascular distortion or cerebro-vascular narr...

Changes in cerebral blood flow with increasing intracranial pressure were studied in anaesthetized baboons during expansion of a subdural balloon in one of two different sites. With an infratentorial balloon, cerebral blood flow bore no clear relation to intracranial pressure, but was linearly related to cerebral perfusion pressure. Apart from an initial change in some animals, cerebrovascular ...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of hemodynamic, respiratory and metabolic changes on intracranial pressure in a model of acute lung injury and abdominal compartment syndrome. METHODS Eight Agroceres pigs were submitted to five different clinical scenarios after instrumentation: 1) a baseline condition with low intra-abdominal pressure and healthy lungs; 2) pneumoperitoneum with 20 mmHg intr...

OBJECTIVE After brain injury intracranial hypertension is the major cause of mortality, in addition to the possibility of functional, behavioral and cognitive sequels. Scarcity of studies on the effects of respiratory physiotherapy on these patients may lead to contradictory performances. This study aimed to assess the effects of customary respiratory physiotherapy maneuvers on intracranial and...

Increased intracranial pressure in patients with Lyme disease is an uncommon but reported finding. We discuss 2 patients from Lyme endemic areas who initially presented with headache, nausea, and vomiting and were eventually found to have increased intracranial pressure, a mild cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis, and positive Lyme titers. It has been shown that increased intracranial pressure in a...