We analyse two large-scale intra-city urban networks and traffic flows therein measured by GPS traces of taxis in San Francisco and Shanghai. Our results coincide with previous findings that, based purely on topological means, it is often insufficient to characterise traffic flow. Traditional shortest-path betweenness analysis, where shortest paths are calculated from each pairs of nodes, carri...

BACKGROUND Geographical variation of the general practitioner (GP) workforce is known between rural and urban areas. However, data about the variation between and within urban areas are lacking. METHOD We analyzed distribution patterns of GP full time equivalents (FTE) in German cities with a population size of more than 500,000. We correlated their distribution with area measures of social d...

In ten years, more than half the world’s population will be living in cities. The United Ž . Nations UN has stated that this will threaten cities with social conflict, environmental degradation and the collapse of basic services. The economic, social, and environmental planning practices of societies embodying ‘urban sustainability’ have been proposed as antidotes to these negative urban trends...

the present study was designed to explore the anti-inflammatory effect of fluvoxamine, as a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (ssri) anti-depressant, on carrageenan-induced paw edema in more details. at first, fluvoxamine was administered intra-peritoneally (2.5, 12.5, 25 and 50 mg kg-1) 30 min before the subplantar injection of carrageenan. fluvoxamine was also injected intra-peritoneally...

The quality of life for people in urban regions can be improved by predicting urban human mobility and adjusting urban planning accordingly. In this study, we compared several possible variables to verify whether a gravity model (a human mobility prediction model borrowed from Newtonian mechanics) worked as well in inner-city regions as it did in intra-city regions. We reviewed the resident pop...

The Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP)’s Operational Line-scan System (OLS) stable nighttime light (NTL) imagery offers a good opportunity for characterizing the extent and dynamics of urban development at the global and regional scales. However, their ability to characterize intra-urban variation is limited due to saturation and blooming of the data values. In this study, we adopt...

BACKGROUND Land use regression (LUR) modelling is proposed as a promising approach to meet some of the challenges of assessing the intra-urban spatial variability of ambient air pollutants in urban and industrial settings. However, most of the LUR models to date have focused on nitrogen oxides and particulate matter. This study aimed at developing LUR models to predict BTEX (benzene, toluene, e...

Rapidly expanding desert populations have significantly altered surface microclimatic conditions. These modifications are evident for much of the year, since desert areas are frequently affected by stable, clear, calm weather. Past empirical analyses of urban effects for Phoenix and Tucson, Arizona, have highlighted the large magnitude of the “urban heat island effect” with minimum temperatures...