The airborne relay-based positioning system (ARPS), which employs the relaying of navigation signals, was proposed as an alternative positioning system. However, the ARPS has limitations, such as relatively large vertical error and service restrictions, because firstly, the user position is estimated based on airborne relays that are located in one direction, and secondly, the positioning is pr...

This paper is about a novel form of grassroots playful performance on the Internet. In a channel (chatroom) called “rainbow” on IRC (Internet Relay Chat), participants communicate in real time mainly via images created from letters and other computer keyboard symbols. Images are “tokens for interaction,” both “art” and “communication.” The paper reports on six years of participant observation o...

Botnets are one of the most important threats towards nowadays users of the Internet. The joint of malware capabilities to be exploited in the network services and the increasing number of daily transactions performed in the cloud, makes them an attractive target for cybercriminals who have evolved their old IRC-based communication channels, into decentralized P2P networks, HTTP/S botnets and e...

In this paper, an adaptive relay scheme based on post SNR in cooperative communication system is proposed. conventional cooperative scheme has used the same modulation at a relay. The proposed scheme uses hierarchical modulation at the source and adaptive transmission based on the post signal to noise ratio (SNR) at a relay. Accordingly, the symbol error rate (SER) and throughput performances a...

Predictions are often made stating that Businessto-Business (B2B) endeavours will grow in numbers extremely fast, but little is known about realworld standards usage and implementations (Chan and Swatman, 2002; Edifecs, 2000). B2B refers to “...the use of the Internet and Web-technologies for conducting inter-organizational business transactions.” (Teo and Ranganathan, 2004). It is focused on s...

This study tries to investigate one type of synchronous online communication, which is Internet Relay Chat, in terms conversational analysis, particularly turn-taking and adjacency pairs. Synchronous communication can be viewed as a novel medium that combines spoken, written electronic properties. There may direct causal link between the lack coherence its propensity for language play leads ana...

The purpose of this study is to search on the effect of internet and cell phones on youth (15-29 years old) and identity change in MazandaranProvince. The method of study with attention to subject, purpose, questionsand hypothesizes is survey. The Population of this study is all youth in 1529yearsold inMazandaranProvince.ThesamplingisbasedonCohenand others(2001)standardtableandthesampleis cho...